A Comparative Study of the Right and Left Carotid Arteries in Relation to Age for Patients With Diabetes and Hypertension
                    
                                            
                                                                                                                                        
                                            Introduction: Age
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            hypertension
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            including 
changes in lumen diameter (LD)
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            intimal-medial thickness (IMT)
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            flow velocities
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            and arterial compliance. These are also considered 
risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and 
IMT has been reported by some researchers
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between 
the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and 
left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patients with hypertension and diabetes for 2 age groups.
Methods: We studied 250 patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Patients were divided into 2 age groups with the 
old age group being 56 to 75 years and the young age group 35 to 55 years. The bilateral common carotid and internal carotid 
arteries were evaluated with B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examinations. The LD and IMT were measured for both common 
carotid arteries
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            and spectral waveform parameters and indices were recorded for both internal carotid arteries.
Results: The difference in LD between the left and right common carotid arteries for the old age group was 11.64% and for the 
young age group was 6.42%
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            with significant P values of <.05 for both age groups. The difference in IMT between the left and 
right common carotid arteries was 18.27% in the old age group compared with 15.38% in the young age group
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            with significant 
P values of <.05. There was a difference in peak systolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries of 4.85% 
in the old age group which was not significant
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            compared with 14.28% in the young age group with a significant P value <.05
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            whereas the difference in end-diastolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries was not significant for both 
age groups. Differences between the right and left internal carotid arteries for resistive index
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            pulsatility index
                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                            and pressure 
gradient were significant only in the young age group.
Conclusion: We found significant differences between the right and left common carotid and internal carotid arteries in 
patients with diabetes and hypertension which were more prominent in the young age group. Values for common carotid IMT 
and LD were significantly higher in the left common carotid artery versus the right common carotid artery in both age groups. 
Differences between the 2 carotid sides may be attributed to anatomic variations in the common carotid artery origins which 
lead to differences in stress between the 2 sides
                                        
                                                                                                                         
                                        
                        Introduction: Age, hypertension, and diabetes can cause significant alterations in arterial structure and function, including changes in lumen diameter (LD), intimal-medial thickness (IMT), flow velocities, and arterial compliance. These are also considered risk markers of atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. A difference between right and left carotid artery blood flow and IMT has been reported by some researchers, and a difference in the incidence of nonlacunar stroke has been reported between the right and left brain hemispheres. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences between the right and left common carotid arteries and internal carotid arteries in patients with hypertension and diabetes for 2 age groups. 
Methods: We studied 250 patients with both diabetes and hypertension. Patients were divided into 2 age groups with the old age group being 56 to 75 years and the young age group 35 to 55 years. The bilateral common carotid and internal carotid arteries were evaluated with B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examinations. The LD and IMT were measured for both common carotid arteries, and spectral waveform parameters and indices were recorded for both internal carotid arteries. 
Results: The difference in LD between the left and right common carotid arteries for the old age group was 11.64% and for the young age group was 6.42%, with significant P values of <.05 for both age groups. The difference in IMT between the left and right common carotid arteries was 18.27% in the old age group compared with 15.38% in the young age group, with significant P values of <.05. There was a difference in peak systolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries of 4.85% in the old age group which was not significant, compared with 14.28% in the young age group with a significant P value <.05, whereas the difference in end-diastolic velocity between the left and right internal carotid arteries was not significant for both age groups. Differences between the right and left internal carotid arteries for resistive index, pulsatility index, and pressure gradient were significant only in the young age group. 
Conclusion: We found significant differences between the right and left common carotid and internal carotid arteries in patients with diabetes and hypertension which were more prominent in the young age group. Values for common carotid IMT and LD were significantly higher in the left common carotid artery versus the right common carotid artery in both age groups. Differences between the 2 carotid sides may be attributed to anatomic variations in the common carotid artery origins which lead to differences in stress between the 2 sides.