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A Robust Handwritten Numeral Recognition Using Hybrid Orthogonal Polynomials and Moments
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Numeral recognition is considered an essential preliminary step for optical character recognition, document understanding, and others. Although several handwritten numeral recognition algorithms have been proposed so far, achieving adequate recognition accuracy and execution time remain challenging to date. In particular, recognition accuracy depends on the features extraction mechanism. As such, a fast and robust numeral recognition method is essential, which meets the desired accuracy by extracting the features efficiently while maintaining fast implementation time. Furthermore, to date most of the existing studies are focused on evaluating their methods based on clean environments, thus limiting understanding of their potential application in more realistic noise environments. Therefore, finding a feasible and accurate handwritten numeral recognition method that is accurate in the more practical noisy environment is crucial. To this end, this paper proposes a new scheme for handwritten numeral recognition using Hybrid orthogonal polynomials. Gradient and smoothed features are extracted using the hybrid orthogonal polynomial. To reduce the complexity of feature extraction, the embedded image kernel technique has been adopted. In addition, support vector machine is used to classify the extracted features for the different numerals. The proposed scheme is evaluated under three different numeral recognition datasets: Roman, Arabic, and Devanagari. We compare the accuracy of the proposed numeral recognition method with the accuracy achieved by the state-of-the-art recognition methods. In addition, we compare the proposed method with the most updated method of a convolutional neural network. The results show that the proposed method achieves almost the highest recognition accuracy in comparison with the existing recognition methods in all the scenarios considered. Importantly, the results demonstrate that the proposed method is robust against the noise distortion and outperforms the convolutional neural network considerably, which signifies the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to the state-of-the-art recognition methods under both clean noise and more realistic noise environments.

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The impact of concentrations of inorganic salts to compromise in rooting branches Genuine apples and apple architecture in vitro
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Took apple branches Genuine and Architecture tissue cultured in vitro 3 cm long and planted in the middle of food MS that contains different concentrations of inorganic salts and of Mntmat free growth and incubated Transplanter to study their effect on rooting Aalavra

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Strategic control and its impact on the performance of the insurance company: Applied research in the Iraqi insurance company
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Abstract:

               The current research aims to demonstrate the relationship of correlation and influence between the independent variable strategic control through its dimensions represented by (organizational structure, human resources management, commitment to specialization, defining powers and responsibilities, values and integrity) and the dependent variable the performance of the insurance company, and the degree of arrangement of these dimensions according to their importance, as well as Detection of significant differences in the sample's response to the questionnaire paragraphs in the researched company, and the research problem

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Publication Date
Sat Apr 30 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Theoretical Study of Hard Photonic Produce from Interaction of Quark-Gluon at Critical Temperature 190 MeV and 196 MeV
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The quantum chromodynamics theory approach was taken to study the photonic emission from interaction of quark gluon at high at Bremsstrahlung processes. Strength coupling, quark charge 𝑒𝑞 , flavor number 𝑛𝐹 , thermal energy T of system, fugacity of gluon ƛ𝑔, fugacity of quark ƛ𝑞 , critical temperature 𝑇𝐶 and photons energy 𝐸 are taken to calculate photons rate via the quantum system. Photons emission rate studies and calculates via high energy 400MeV to 650 MeV using flavor number 3 and 7 for 𝑢̅𝑔 → 𝑑̅𝑔𝛾 and 𝑐𝑔 → 𝑠𝑔𝛾 systems at bremsstrahlung processes with critical temperature (𝑇𝑐 = 190 and 196) MeV with photons energy (1-10) GeV. The confinement and de-confineme

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2014
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection of RAF fusion transcripts in FFPE samples of Medullablastoma and Ependymom in Iraqi children with RT-RQPCR assays
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Medulloblastomas and ependymomas are the most common malignant brain tumors in children. However genetic abnormalities associated with their development and prognosis remain unclear. Recently two gene fusions, KIAA1549–BRAF and SRGAP3–RAF1 have been detected in a number of brain tumours. We report here our development and validation of RT-RQPCR assays to detect various isoforms of these two fusion genes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of medulloblastoma and ependymoma. We examined these fusion genes in 44 paediatric brain tumours, 33 medulloblastomas and 11 ependymomas. We detected both fusion transcripts in 8/33, 5/33 SRGAP3 ex10/RAF1 ex10, and 3/33 KIAA1549 ex16/BRAF ex9, meduloblastomas but none in the 11 ep

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Strategic dimension for theory of constraints and its impact in decision making: بحث تطبيقي في الشركة العامة للصناعات الجلدية
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The research illustrated that the theory of constraints is   "A group of concepts and basics that aim at helping the management in order to determine the difficulties and how to overcome these difficulties through determining the necessary change and how these change can be done efficiently and effectively ".

       The research showed that the theory of constraint including its tools calls for magnifying throughput, constricting the product cycle , determining  the optimal production mix , utilization of scare resources and canceling the idle time , that achieving  throughput  increasing  then  increasing  profit .

      Moreov

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Punica granatum L. Pericarp on Hemolysin Production of several Bacterial species
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Four local hemolysin producer bacterial isolates were selected, tow of them gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and the other two were gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus ). Minimum inhibitory concentration of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum L. pericarp were determined towards the four bacterial isolates ,results obtaind showed that MICs of the aqueous extract were 200 mg/ml for E .coli and P. aeruginosa isolates while were 5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml for B. cereus, S. aureus , respectively The MICs for the ethanolic extract were 50 mg/ml , 20 mg/ml ,1 mg/ml ,0.5 mg/ml for E. coli ,P. aeruginosa ,B. cereus ,S. aureus , respectively. The effect of Sub-MICs o

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2012
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Testing the ability of Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) Isopoda Crustaceans to decompose and consume cellulosean wastes in different ecosystems
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The present study was undertaken to use individual terrestrial crustacean from Isopoda such as the species Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833) as environmental cleaner and that through the test of their abilities in decomposition of residues of some cellulosean wastes such as wood pieces which contain high ratio of urban wastes, and residue of Zea mays and particularly leaves as plant waste in agricultural fields and residue of Cynodon dactylon plants which compose the main wastes in most of gardens and parks. Experiments were conducted relatively in stable laboratory conditions to ensure environmental conditions similar to crustaceans' life. The results showed presence of good efficiency of these individuals in treating such wastes as

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
THE EFFECT OF RAMADI SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT ON THE PHYTOPLANKTON AND SOME PHYSICO – CHEMICAL CHARACTERS IN EUPHRATES RIVER , IRAQ
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Four localities were selected in Euphrates River and Ramadi sewage treatment plant to collect water samples monthly during the period between October 2001 to July 2002 . Total cell count of phytoplankton and its physico- chemical concentrations were determined . The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of Ramadi sewage treatment plant on Euhprates River . It is concluded that the sewage had an dilution effect for the total hardness , total alkalinity , electrical conductivity and salinity of Euphrates River , but it is also caused in the presence of a contaminated area . This was cleared from the depletion of dissolved oxygen and high values of biological oxygen demand with lower valuse of pH in this area . The water of Euphrates

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 15 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Comparison among pulp capping materials in: calcium ion release, pH change, solubility and water sorption (An in vitro study)
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Background: Calcium hydroxide and calcium-silicate materials used as direct pulp capping materials. The aims of this in vitro study is to compare among these materials in, the calcium ion release and pH change in soaking water after immersion of materials’ specimens in deionized water. Also Solubility and water sorption of materials’ specimens measured after soaking time. Calcium-silicate materials used were Biodentine, TheraCal and MTA Plus. Materials and methods: Four materials used in this study; Urbical lining (as control group), Biodentine, TheraCal and MTA Plus. Ten discs fabricated from each tested material, by using plastic moulds of 9 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. Each specimen was immersed in 10 ml of d

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Al-nahrain University-scienc
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Anti-bacterial Active Transition Metal Complexes of N'-[2-(2-Phenyl hydrazinyl) Phenyl] Benzothiohydrazide
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