اصبح مصطلح الصورة الذهنية من المصطلحات الشائعة التي يتزايد استخدامها في المجالات السياسية والإعلامية والعلاقات الدولية اذ اصبح يشكل اهمية كبرى لدى دراسي السلوك الانساني، فقد احتلت دراسة المصادر المتعددة التي يستقي منها الافراد انطباعاتهم عن الاخرين، وتعاظم الدور الذي تلعبه وسائل الاتصال في تدفق الصور عن الشعوب في ظل التطور التكنولوجي الهائل الذي يشهده عالم الاتصال حاليا، والذي يسمى بعصر السموات المفتوحة نظراً لتعدد مصادر المعلومات وتزايد الانفتاح على العالم الخارجي. وتزداد اهمية الدور الذي تلعبه وسائل الاتصال في تكوين الصورة الذهنية لدى الافراد عن دول وشعوب العالم الاخرى مع قلة فرص الافراد في الاحتكاك والسفر الى هذه الدول ، والاحاطة بما يجري في أراضيها، ان المنظمات والمؤسسات بل والشخصيات لا تسطيع العمل في مناخ جيد يمكنها من تحقيق مصالحها واداء دورها، الا اذا كانت صورتها الذهنية لدى الجماهير ايجابية، حيث تتفهم الجماهير دورها، وتقبل على التعاون معها، اي ان هذه القطاعات تعمل في اطار الصورة الذهنية المنطبعة عنها في اذهان الجماهير التي تتعامل معها، لذلك تسعى المنظمات والمؤسسات والدول الى بناء صورة ايجابية لها في اذهان الجمهور مستعينة بوسائل الإعلام التي أصبح لها دور كبير في بناء الصورة الذهنية. وتأتي اهمية الدراسة بعد التغيير الذي طال المجتمع العراقي بعد الاحتلال الامريكي للعراق ومحاولة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بناء صورة ايجابية لها عن طريق الممارسات التي حاولت رسم هذه الصورة عن طريقها ومحاولة تبرير احتلال العراق من اجل تحريره ونشر الديمقراطية.وتخليص الشعب العراقي من نظام دكتاتوري يشكل تهديداً دائماً لجيرانه من العرب وغير العرب فضلا على ما يشكله من تهديد للامن والسلام العالمي بامتلاكه اسلحة الدمار الشامل. وتاتي هذه الدراسة في سياق التعرف على صورة الولايات المتحدة لدى طلبة الجامعات العراقية وقياس الصورة التي يحملها طلبة الجامعات العراقية عن الولايات المتحدة الامريكية، وما الصورة التي يحملها الطلبة عنها ومصادر تكوينها. وتحقيقا لاغراض الدراسة فقد قسمت الاطروحة الى خمسة فصول تناول الفصل الاول منهجية البحث الذي تضمن مشكلة البحث واهميتها واهدافها وتحديد المنهج المستخدم والدراسات السابقة، اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول الصورة الذهنية وتضمن ثلاثة مباحث تضمن المبحث الاول مفهوم الصورة الذهنية وخصائصها وسماتها وانواع الصور وابعاد الصورة وتضمن المبحث الثاني دوروسائل الإعلام في تشكيل الصورة وتضمن المبحث الثالث الصورة النمطية وخصائصها ونقاط التقائها واختلافها مع الصورة الذهنية، ، وتناول الفصل الثالث العلاقات العراقية الامريكية من 1989-2003 واحتلال العراق، وتناول الفصل الرابع الاجراءات المنهجية للدراسة الميدانية وتضمن تحديد مجالات الدراسية وخطوات بناء المقياس وصدقه وثباته وتميزُهُ وتحديد عينة البحث والوسائل الاحصائية المستخدمة في الدراسة، وتناول الفصل الخامس تحليل جداول العينة والاستنتاجات والتوصيات.
The research aims to reveal the impact of media policy in Iraqi media outlets on the level of objectivity in these outlets. A study from the communicators’ point of view where the researcher used a survey method on the communicators in media outlets to reveal the extent of media policies knowledge as well as the pressures exerted by this policy on communicators in media outlets. It also reveals the extent of their commitment to objectivity, neutrality in dealing with information and the way used to transfer it.
The research sample included (179) respondents from communicators in a range of Media outlets such as (Press, Radio, and Television), The researcher was careful with the diversity of the sample, and
Banks represents financial institutions that influence the economy of any country and their evolution and development is the need to seek all states , communities, maintain and control a guarantee of the beneficiaries investors and to promote confidence, so the specialized organizations trying to set principles and rules must be adhered to and are Basel (II) of the necessary effects to be introduced and work on their application. Banks exposed by various risks one of them operational risks that have multiple effects on the activity of the institution itself, as well as the national economy, so this study was to find out what those effects and to find solutions and appropriate proposals to avoid Iraqi banks from the effects of risk,
... Show MoreMost of World nations are striving to provide the necessary needs to protect their economic properties assets against natural or abnormal disasters that may be inflicted on such property and the means that used by such countries to reduce the damages is insurance, whereas insurance as a system that collects and distributes different risks into the group thus to achieve a social symbiosis between individuals. The system works to transfer the risks from the individual to the group and then distributes the losses to all members of the group.
According to the importance of the insurance sector and the need to develop it as well as working on improving its performance, this search aims to identify the ac
... Show MoreThe evaluation of banks plays an important role in maintaining the interests of customers with the bank as well as providing continuous supervision and control by the Central Bank. The Central Bank of Iraq conducted an assessment of the Iraqi banks through the implementation of the CAMEL model during a certain period. This evaluation did not continue. The research provides continuity to the Central Bank's assessment and as a step to continue the evaluation process for all banks through the use of the CAMEL model. ROA and ROE by using the regression model for four Iraqi banks registered in the Iraqi market for securities during the period 2010-2016. The results showed that the capital and profitability indicators have a significan
... Show MoreTime series is an important statistical method adopted in the analysis of phenomena, practices, and events in all areas during specific time periods and predict future values contribute to give a rough estimate of the status of the study, so the study aimed to adopt the ARIMA models to forecast the volume of cargo handled and achieved in four ports (Umm Qasr Port, Khor Al Zubair Port, Abu Flus Port, and Maqal Port(, Monthly data on the volume of cargo handled for the years (2006-2018) were collected (156) observations. The study found that the most efficient model is ARIMA (1,1,1).
The volume of go
... Show MoreThe research aims to reach a set of objectives concerning creation a clear vision about conceptual, philosophical and practical dimension of relations, and effects between knowledge management, costumer orientation and competitiveness to construct a framework of a pragmatic model as a solution to research problem and its questions which the main one is about the role of knowledge management and costumer orientation in competitiveness of business organizations. To achieving this goal, it was necessary to make, in priory, a review and discussion to the theoretical dimension of research variables to have a clear vision about constructing hypostatical research model implying a set of hypotheses which, by proving them in companies studied, repr
... Show MoreThe objective of the research is to identify the nature of voluntary disclosure of insurance services and its impact on the financial performance of Iraqi insurance companies by knowing the relationship between increasing disclosure of financial services and financial performance indicators of insurance companies.In order to achieve this objective, the research was applied to a sample of the Iraqi insurance companies listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange (Al Amin Insurance Company, Al Ahlia Insurance, Dar Al Salam Insurance, Gulf Insurance, Al Hamra Insurance) and based on their published financial statements (2014-2015) ) And by analyzing the sample lists were connected to the research objectives.The main conclusion of the study is that in
... Show MoreCompetencies topic in general , and Administrative competencies in specific, are considered as important subject in the contemporary administrative literature in all countries as well as in public and privet Organizations. For this reason, we have need to study those competencies in many Iraqi Organizations.
Two Organizations wer chosen for this research one of them is the Institution of taxation, and the other is the General company of Electric the data and information related to the research have been collected by desined questioner which has been given to a sample of (50) persions divided eqully between the two maintioned organizations.
The results of the study had differences
... Show MoreThis research sheds light on the development that has occurred on the use of press pictures in the Iraqi press by analyzing the form and content of the images used in (Al-Sabaah) newspaper for the 2012 model. The researcher's interest in this topic for what represented by the press picture of a way to highlight and attract the reader's attention to the substance journalist who represents the goals behind the newspaper publishing.
This research is divided into three sections. The first one dealt with the methodological framework of the research, and the second part addressed the aspect of press pictures and its history and technological development, while the third section devoted to the study of the development of the form and co
... Show MoreIn The Name of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful
It is no secret to everyone that the endowment is an important nucleus for the prosperity of Islamic civilization, especially in the fields of education, health, economy, and defensive military actions that fall within the door of jihad, and so on. Al-Ashraf, Qom Al-Quds, Cairo, and other parts of the Islamic world. What we will see in the research.