This study was done to investigate the impact of different nanoparticles on diesel fuel characteristics, Iraqi diesel fuel was supplied from al-Dura refinery and was treated to enhance performance by improving its characteristics. Two types of nanoparticles were mixed with Iraqi diesel fuel at various weight fractions of 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppm. The diesel engine was tested and run at a constant speed of 1600 rpm to examine and evaluate the engine's performance and determine emissions. In general, ZnO additives' performance analysis showed they are more efficient for diesel fuel engines than CeO. The performance of engine diesel fuel tests showed that the weight fraction of nanoparticles at 90 and 120 ppm give a similar performance,

This study was done to investigate the impact of different nanoparticles on diesel fuel characteristics, Iraqi diesel fuel was supplied from al-Dura refinery and was treated to enhance performance by improving its characteristics. Two types of nanoparticles were mixed with Iraqi diesel fuel at various weight fractions of 30, 60, 90, and 120 ppm. The diesel engine was tested and run at a constant speed of 1600 rpm to examine and evaluate the engine's performance and determine emissions. In general, ZnO additives' performance analysis showed they are more efficient for diesel fuel engines than CeO. The performance of engine diesel fuel tests showed that the weight fraction of nanoparticles at 90 and 120 ppm give a similar

Due to the popularity of radar, receivers often “hear” a great number of other transmitters in
addition to their own return merely in noise. The dealing with the problem of identifying and/or
separating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received on
the one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source,
based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics. This search deals with a
graphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in any
specified location.

The traditional technique of generating MPSK signals is basically to use IQ modulator that involves analog processing like multiplication and addition where inaccuracies may exist and would lead to imbalance problems that affects the output modulated signal and hence the overall performance of the system. In this paper, a simple method is presented for generating the MPSK using logic circuits that basically generated M-carrier signals each carrier of different equally spaced phase shift. Then these carriers are time multiplexed, according to the data symbols, into the output modulated signal.

Vol. 6, Issue 1 (2025)

Municipal solid waste generation in Babylon Governorate is often affected by changes in lifestyles, population growth, social and cultural habits and improved economic conditions. This effect will make it difficult to plan and draw up future plans for solid waste management.In this study, municipal solid waste was divided into residential and commercial solid wastes. Residential solid wastes were represented by household wastes, while commercial solid wastes included commercial, institutional and municipal services wastes.For residential solid wastes, the relational stratified random sampling was implemented, that is the total population should be divided into clusters (socio-income level), a random sample was taken in e

Many image processing and machine learning applications require sufficient image feature selection and representation. This can be achieved by imitating human ability to process visual information. One such ability is that human eyes are much more sensitive to changes in the intensity (luminance) than the color information. In this paper, we present how to exploit luminance information, organized in a pyramid structure, to transfer properties between two images. Two applications are presented to demonstrate the results of using luminance channel in the similarity metric of two images. These are image generation; where a target image is to be generated from a source one, and image colorization; where color information is to be browsed from o

Today, the architecture field is witnessing a noticeable evolution regarding the used tools that the designer should invest in a peculiar way that is made available in architecture through the concept of synergy generally and algorithmic synergy specifically. The synergy is meant to study and analyze the cooperative behavior of complex systems and self-organizing systems that leads to different outputs referred to by the synergy as the (whole), which is bigger than the sum of parts and in architecture, it's translated as the architectural form. This point resulted in a need of a specific study regarding the concept of synergy that focuses on the cooperative, synergistic relations within the trilogy of (form, structure, and material) and