This study aims to provide verification between measured and calculated radiation dose using three different ionization chamber detectors in Grid plans to select the best ones To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical experiment in such subject. Grid radiotherapy is an unconventional method for bulky tumors treatment. It is characterized by a single-fraction and high radiation dose. Ten cases (scenarios) were selected to achieve Grid plans by MLCs, with a single dose of 1500-2000 cGy. Three ionization detectors were employed to measure the maximum, mean, and point doses (cGy), and match them with those calculated by the linear accelerator used in this study. The results showed significant differences among the th

For modeling a photovoltaic module, it is necessary to calculate the basic parameters which control the current-voltage characteristic curves, that is not provided by the manufacturer. Generally, for mono crystalline silicon module, the shunt resistance is generally high, and it is neglected in this model. In this study, three methods are presented for four parameters model. Explicit simplified method based on an analytical solution, slope method based on manufacturer data, and iterative method based on a numerical resolution. The results obtained for these methods were compared with experimental measured data. The iterative method was more accurate than the other two methods but more complexity. The average deviation of

      Layer by layer development two features of pulsed laser deposition PLD, with a high kinetic energy and sharp instantaneous deposition rating. Layered films of polymer/metal/ceramic nanocomposites consisting of polystyrene PS(as substrate) , tin Sn and cadmium oxide CdO were deposited by PLD. Structure for layered samples were measured  by XRD X ray diffraction, there were appearance of peaks  which reflected  to formation of new compounds result of  reaction between layers. Particles size  was calculated using two methods and it give nanoscale. Microstrain was also calculated  and exhibited  high value (0.01) for sample p/m.

  The present study included  the impact of the follow-up variation in the temperature of aqueous medium in the vertical migration behavior of different groups of Zooplankton, consisted species Cyclops vernalis, Daphnia magna, Diaptomus dilopatus, that have been grown in controlled in terms of light and pH laboratory conditions, so choosing temperature of respectively 16,20,24,28, and 32 ËšC. The result showed a clear change in the migration behavior of testing planktonic species, it was a negative relationship between temperatures arises and individual of D. magna in the water column.While being appositive relationship with individual of C. vernalis and the same with D. dilopatus. Also, the result revealed a different impact

The main aim of this paper is to introduce the relationship between the topic of coding theory and the projective plane of order three. The maximum value of size of code over finite field of order three and an incidence matrix with the parameters,  (length of code),  (minimum distance of code) and  (error-correcting of code ) have been constructed. Some examples and theorems have been given.

Optimization procedures using a variety of input parameters have gotten a lot of attention, but using three non-edible seed oils of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), and Sweet Almond (Prunusamygdalus dulcis) has a few advantages, including availability and non-food competitiveness. Optimizing a two-stage trans-esterification process using a sodium hydroxide-based catalyst at a fixed catalyst (1.0wt %) and temperature (60 ^oC) while varying molar ratio (1:3, 1:6, 1:12),  time (20–60 min), and mixing speed (500–1000 rpm), to produce optimal responses of yields were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization solution of molar ratio (1:3), time (40.9 min.),

         Cosmetic products must be safe for use by consumers , It is also regulated and required the legislation of countries all over the world .  In this study out of 80 cosmetic products analyzed and 32.5% were found to be contaminated .Products such as mascara, lip pencil and eye pencil were analyzed . The contaminants including bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylocoocus epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia   which were ranging  in number  from (10³-10⁴ ) C.F.U. /ml and fungi such as Penicillium spp. , <

Statistical methods and statistical decisions making were used to arrange and analyze the primary data to get norms which are used with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis programs to identify the animals production and poultry units in strategic nutrition channels, also the priorities of food insecurity through the local production and import when there is no capacity for production. The poultry production is one of the most important commodities that satisfy human body protein requirements, also the most important criteria to measure the development and prosperity of nations. The poultry fields of Babylon Governorate are located in Abi Ghareg and Al_Kifil centers according to many criteria or factors such as the popu