This paper explores VANET topics: architecture, characteristics, security, routing protocols, applications, simulators, and 5G integration. We update, edit, and summarize some of the published data as we analyze each notion. For ease of comprehension and clarity, we give part of the data as tables and figures. This survey also raises issues for potential future research topics, such as how to integrate VANET with a 5G cellular network and how to use trust mechanisms to enhance security, scalability, effectiveness, and other VANET features and services. In short, this review may aid academics and developers in choosing the key VANET characteristics for their objectives in a single document.

This study has dealt with, the issue of classification of rural road network , in addition to prepare a suggested for the classification for this network in Iraq , this classification account , the specifications and characteristics of rural roads, population, and the range taking of settlements , then this classification was applied on the rural road network in the Najaf province there are four categories of classification ,the first is major arterial rural roads divided into two major arterial and minor arterial roads , while the second category collected roads which was divided into minor arterial roads and main collected roads. The third category was represented by Local Roads , it has been divided into paved roads and unpaved, the f

Five Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from the ability of chitinase production from the isolates were studied. Quantitative screening appeared that Saccharomyces cerevisiae S4 was the highest chitinase producer specific activity 1.9 unit/mg protein. The yeast was culture in liquid and solid state fermentation media (SSF). Different plant obstanases were used for (SSF) with the chitine, while liquid media contained chitine with the diffrented nitrogen source. The favorable condition for chitinase producers were incubated at 30 ºC at pH 6 and 1% colloidal chitine.

       Performance issues could be appearing from anywhere in a computer system, finding the root cause of those issues is a troublesome issue due to the complexity of the modern systems and applications. Microsoft builds multiple mechanisms to make their engineers understand what is happening inside All Windows versions including Windows 10 Home and the behavior of any application working on it whether Microsoft services or even third-party applications, one of those mechanisms is the Event Tracing for Windows (ETW) which is the core of logging and tracing in Windows operating system to trace the internal events of the system and its applications. This study goes deep into internal process activities to investigat

Fuzzy logic is used to solve the load flow and contingency analysis problems, so decreasing computing time and its the best selection instead of the traditional methods. The proposed  method is very accurate with outstanding computation time, which made the fuzzy load flow (FLF) suitable for real time application for small- as well as large-scale power systems. In addition that, the FLF efficiently able to solve load flow problem of ill-conditioned power systems and contingency analysis. The FLF method using Gaussian membership function requires less number of iterations and less computing time than that required in the FLF method using triangular membership function. Using sparsity technique for the input Ybus sparse matrix data gi

    Cryptography can be thought of as a toolbox, where potential attackers gain access to various computing resources and technologies to try to compute key values. In modern cryptography, the strength of the encryption algorithm is only determined by the size of the key. Therefore, our goal is to create a strong key value that has a minimum bit length that will be useful in light encryption. Using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) with Rubik's cube and image density, the image colors are combined and distorted, and by using the Chaotic Logistics Map and Image Density with a secret key, the Rubik's cubes for the image are encrypted, obtaining a secure image against attacks. ECC itself is a powerful algorithm that generates a pair of p

Objective of this work is the mixing between human biometric characteristics and unique attributes of the computer in order to protect computer networks and resources environments through the development of authentication and authorization techniques. In human biometric side has been studying the best methods and algorithms used, and the conclusion is that the fingerprint is the best, but it has some flaws. Fingerprint algorithm has been improved so that their performance can be adapted to enhance the clarity of the edge of the gully structures of pictures fingerprint, taking into account the evaluation of the direction of the nearby edges and repeat. In the side of the computer features, computer and its components like human have uniqu

Most of today’s techniques encrypt all of the image data, which consumes a tremendous amount of time and computational payload. This work introduces a selective image encryption technique that encrypts predetermined bulks of the original image data in order to reduce the encryption/decryption time and the
computational complexity of processing the huge image data. This technique is applying a compression algorithm based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Two approaches are implemented based on color space conversion as a preprocessing for the compression phases YCbCr and RGB, where the resultant compressed sequence is selectively encrypted using randomly generated combined secret key.
The results showed a significant reduct

A remarkable correlation between chaotic systems and cryptography has been established with sensitivity to initial states, unpredictability, and complex behaviors. In one development, stages of a chaotic stream cipher are applied to a discrete chaotic dynamic system for the generation of pseudorandom bits. Some of these generators are based on 1D chaotic map and others on 2D ones. In the current study, a pseudorandom bit generator (PRBG) based on a new 2D chaotic logistic map is proposed that runs side-by-side and commences from random independent initial states. The structure of the proposed model consists of the three components of a mouse input device, the proposed 2D chaotic system, and an initial permutation (IP) table. Statist