Accurate land use and land cover (LU/LC) classification is essential for various geospatial applications. This research applied a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier on the Landsat 7 (ETM+ 2010) & 8 (OLI 2020) satellite scenes to identify the land cover materials of the Shatt al-Arab region which is located in the east of Basra province during ten years with an estimate of the spectral signature using ENVI 5.6 software of each cover with the proportion of its area to the area of the study region and produce maps of the classified region. The bands of these datasets were analyzed using the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) statistic. The highest OIF represents the best and most appropriate band combination calculated for the classification process are (SWIR_2, SWIR_1, Blue) and (SWIR_2, SWIR_1, coastal aerosol) bands combination at (100.236 & 104.154) for ETM+, and OLI datasets, respectively, which adopted to obtain the most accurate interpretation of the land cover. The Landsat 7 (ETM+ 2010) is selected as a reference year to study the change in land cover features through ten years for this region using the novel Scene Optimum Index Factor (SOIF), which was suggested in this research. The amount of change for vegetation cover was 34 %, using the SAM classifier. The urban class was the most stable, and the rate of change was 23 %. The most affected were the water bodies, where the rate of change reached 73% due to the region falling into the tails of rivers, as well as the lack of water discharges coming from neighbouring and upstream countries. The research provides important information about land cover changes over the past decade due to the precise spectral analyses, showing the need for monitoring natural resources, especially in environmentally sensitive areas such as water bodies and vegetation cover. Environmental conservation efforts and continuous planning in affected regions may be supported by these findings.
In general, the importance of cluster analysis is that one can evaluate elements by clustering multiple homogeneous data; the main objective of this analysis is to collect the elements of a single, homogeneous group into different divisions, depending on many variables. This method of analysis is used to reduce data, generate hypotheses and test them, as well as predict and match models. The research aims to evaluate the fuzzy cluster analysis, which is a special case of cluster analysis, as well as to compare the two methods—classical and fuzzy cluster analysis. The research topic has been allocated to the government and private hospitals. The sampling for this research was comprised of 288 patients being treated in 10 hospitals. As t
... Show MoreIn order to improve the students’ performance level in some of the skills that are implemented on the mat device of ground movements, including the front and rear rolling, it is necessary to study the most important indicators that have a clear impact on the performance of those rolls. Among the objectives of the research: To identify the percentage of the contribution of flexibility of the hip joint, the angle of the knees and the muscular strength of the arms in the performance of the front and rear rolling skills, an opening of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the work, and the research community was represented by students of the third st
... Show MoreThe influence of pre- shot peening and welding parameters on mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar and similar aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 and AA6061-T6 joints using friction stir welding have been studied. In this work, numbers of plates were equipped from sheet alloys in dimensions (150*50*6) mm then some of them were exposed to shot peening process before friction stir welding using steel ball having diameter 1.25 mm for period of 15 minutes. FSW joints were manufactured from plates at three welding speeds (28, 40, 56 mm/min) and welding speed 40mm/min was chosen at a rotating speed of 1400 rpm for welding the dissimilar pre- shot plates. Tow joints were made at rotational speed of 1000 rpm and welding speed of 40m/min f
... Show MoreThis paper deals with the Kufis and basris agreements in Abo Al _ Barakat Al _ anbary’s
work “ Al- Insaf Fi Masael Al - Khilaf.It attempts to settle the disputes and find out the right
views.
The book presents the issnes that the two schools of Kufa and Basra dispute upon and try to
evaluate them so as to support the correct ones .The present researcher has noticed that the
author of the above work was not always right or accurate in picturing a number of issues as
disputable whereas they implicitly shared the same views .Accordingly ,this papor sheds light
on such cases and drew acadernic researchers, attention to the invalidity of Al –anbary’s
misjudged views.
Importance of accounting standards belong to be the instructor and the advisor for accountant in performing his work . For each invironment a group of political, social, economical and cultural factors which distinguish it about other environments . In order to perform its aim in produsing accouting information helps in making decisions on different levels, accounting standards should established in a form that harmonized with the environment that apply in it . Establishing international accounting standards comes with the same direction and then it has put influential with standards some states that have influence on international accounting standards committee. So because of the big changes that happened in the inte
... Show MoreThe influence of an aortic aneurysm on blood flow waveforms is well established, but how to exploit this link for diagnostic purposes still remains challenging. This work uses a combination of experimental and computational modelling to study how aneurysms of various size affect the waveforms. Experimental studies are carried out on fusiform-type aneurysm models, and a comparison of results with those from a one-dimensional fluid–structure interaction model shows close agreement. Further mathematical analysis of these results allows the definition of several indicators that characterize the impact of an aneurysm on waveforms. These indicators are then further studied in a computational model of a systemic blood flow network. This demonstr
... Show More
The phenomenon of celebration of army leaders in the Abbasid era formed a distinct phenomenon at which the poets stood, and among those leaders was the Arab leader Hamid al-Taie, and the poets who stood on him and his sons Abu Tammam and al-Bohtari recorded in their poems the exploits of that leader, and the exploits of his sons through images that represented sadness, courage In this research, the generosity, and the rhetorical and artistic aspects of those images, have been spotted, balancing the poets.