The present paper, practical methods of professional translation, discusses the most important methods to achieve an accurate effective translation from the source language text  to the equivalent target language text.

The present study suggests that practical translation like any literary activity is of six main stages that follow sequential order to achieve an accurate translation: (choosing the foreign text to be translated, the author of the text permission, the text translation, considering the title contextual meaning, reviewing the text translation, and finally finding a good publisher).

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر که با عنوان گام­های عملی یک ترجمهء حر

Die Forschung geht  um das wichtigste Thema für die literarischen Studien, die um die literarische Übersetzung und die Deutlichkeit dem Leser gekreist sind. Die literarische Übersetzung ist ein schwieriger Prozess, der auf vielseitigen Faktoren beruht ist, damit es erfolgreich gelungen ist. Dies ist auch ein gemeinsamer Prozess durch das Kunstwerk zwischen dem Autor und Übersetzer, so dass der erste Schritt in der vorliegenden Forschung wie folgendes lautet: muss es der Autor genau bestimmt wird, wie er die methodischen Grundprinzipien des Wekes im Dienst der zentralen Idee formuliert, und wie er die literarische Gestalt durch die voll erfassende Vorstellung des Wekes dichtet. Denn die literarische Arbeit besteht aus zwei Teilen

this research seeks to shed light on the study of the impact of Putinism on the Russian-Ukrainian war that broke out in early 2022, by studying the contents of the speeches of Russian President Vladimir Putin before the start of the war. This research uses the structural approach in analyzing the components of the Russian political regime. The research tools used in this research include case studies, content analysis of Russian speeches, and personal meetings of researchers and specialists in Russian affairs. It sums up a number of important conclusions, most notably are : 1) Putinism is a totalitarian regime that includes the political doctrine during the era of Russian President Vladimir Putin. 2) Duginism represents the totality of t

This study examines the relationship between the increase in the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and GDP during the period 1995-2017, using the methodology of joint integration, causal testing and error correction model. The research found the time series instability of the logarithm of the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and the output logarithm but after applying the first differences, these chains become stable, THUS these time series are integrated in the first differences. Using the Johansson method, we found the possibility of a simultaneous integration relationship between the logarithm of the number of tourists coming to Tunisia and the logarithm of GDP in Tunisia, and there is a causal relationship in one direc

  The aim of the research is to identify the extent of the ability to ensure the integrated reports by the auditor in verifying the credibility of these reports, and their implications for the benefit of all parties dealing with the economic unit, as well as measuring the impact of the assurance procedures followed by the auditors and their role in confirming these reports.

  The research methodology was designed after studying the previous literature related to the research variables, and then the relationship between these variables was tested, through the use of a questionnaire list. A questionnaire targeting the community of auditors in the local environment, and the results of the study wer

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is important technology that’s rapidly growing in the wireless networks. The Quality of Service (QoS) and Capacity are two of the most important issues that still need to be researched on wireless VoIP. The main aim of this paper is to analysis the performance of the VoIP application in wireless networks, with respect to different transport layer protocols and audio codec. Two scenarios used in the simulation stage. In the first scenario VoIP with codec G.711 transmitted over User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), and Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). While, in the second scenario VoIP with codec G.726 transmitted over UDP, SCTP, and RTP protocols. Network simulator

In this study, the synoptic analysis of dust storm for spring and summertime in Iraq were investigated. The images for dust provided by NASA are used to emphasize the dust storm days, while the composite maps of wind vector and geopotential 850hPa are mapped to investigate the pressure and wind direction patterns appearing with the dust condition in the same days. Spring has more dust frequency than summertime, especially in May. The frontal type of dust storm is dominant on spring, the cold air pushes the warm air that picking up the sand to the air through the vertical wind, but the southwestern high-speed wind and drought condition were controlled on the dust in summer. The northwestern wind is the main factor that carries the dust for l

It is very necessary for the political theater to be within the space of every theatrical performance, so that the theater carries the diverse and enlightened values and cultures of this world. political theatre. In the first chapter, the researcher dealt with (the methodological framework), which includes the research problem identified by the researcher with the following question (the functional diversity of the directorial vision in the political theater)
Importance, purpose, limits and seal by defining terminology.
In the second chapter, the researcher dealt with the theoretical framework on two topics, the first (transformations of directorial vision in theatrical performance) and the second topic (aesthetic experiences i

أن الثورة الرقمية أصبحت اليوم واقع حتمي نعيشه من حيث القت بظلالها على مختلف جوانب الحياة، ولم يخل المسرح من هذا التأثير وخاصة في ظهور ملامح ما بعد الحداثة بكل ما تحملهُ من رؤى فكرية وفلسفية وجمالية، مع ذلك التطور التكنولوجي في هذا السياق يسعى المسرحيون والمخرجون والممثلون الى تأسيس علاقات فاعلة مع شبكات الانترنيت والوسائط الرقمية مما ظهر العديد من المواقع المهتمة بالمسرح. من هنا ظهرت اهمية الربط بين الث

Quality control charts are limited to controlling one characteristic of a production process, and it needs a large amount of data to determine control limits to control the process. Another limitation of the traditional control chart is that it doesn’t deal with the vague data environment. The fuzzy control charts work with the uncertainty that exists in the data. Also, the fuzzy control charts investigate the random variations found between the samples. In modern industries, productivity is often of different designs and a small volume that depends on the market need for demand (short-run production) implemented in the same type of machines to the production units. In such cases, it is difficult to determine the contr