Background Many antidiabetic medications with distinct modes of action are available, The sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are among the most recent oral antihyperglycemic medications. The American Diabetes Association recommends metformin, a biguanide medication, as the first option for oral control of type 2 diabetes because it has demonstrated promise in this regard. Aim of the study To evaluate and compare the effects of metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors on general urine parameters in T2DM patients from Iraq. Method a prospective cohort study where 101 adult patients of both sexes aged under 70 years and newly diagnosed with T2DM, patients were divided into two groups, Metformin group (n=52), where metformin was prescribed as monotherapy by the clinician and SGLT-2 inhibitors group (n=49) where either dapagliflozin or empagliflozin were prescribed by the clinician, general urine examination was done for each patient in the first contact and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results The mean age was 57±9 years for the metformin group and 54±9 years for the SGLT-2 inhibitors group. There was no significant difference in leukocytes, erythrocytes, or epithelial cell counts between the metformin group and the SGLT2 inhibitor group before and after 12 weeks of treatment. There was a significant difference (p-value =0.043) in leukocytes and a non-significant difference in erythrocytes and epithelial cell counts before and after treatment in the SGLT-2 inhibitors group. Conclusions Diabetic patients on SGLT-2 inhibitors treatment demonstrated higher leukocyte count than metformin group patients, an indicator and predictor for higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections.
Gaining the relationship between the central government and local governments is great importance especially after the expanded functions of the central government and became unable to carry out their works without all that delegate or transfer parts of its powers to lower levels.
The aims of the research is to determine the relationship of the central government with the local government in accordance with the principle of administrative decentralization with the presentation of the competent authorities, the control of local governments, according to the Provincial Council Act No. 21 of 2008 amended.
The research has a problem that has been the relationship of the central
... Show MoreSummary of the research : Our research tagged (Arabic language in the media between warning and development) attempts to follow the most prominent phenomena that accompanied the evolution of the use of Arabic language in the media with the development of these means and spread technically globally, and how divided researchers and linguists and intellectuals Arabs into two teams, each demanding what contradicts the other, in the matter The use of the Arabic language in the media, and the arguments of each team in the need to deal with the media as one of the pillars of the nation culturally, historically and civilized, in order to enhance its position and maintain unity, continued the research highlighted the positions of hard-lin
... Show MorePrevious studies indicated that supplementation with antioxidants has a protective effects against oxidative stress–induced damage in type 2 diabetes. In this study we evaluated the antioxidant effects of melatonin on the oxidative stress parameters and microalbuminuria in type 2 DM patients. 30 patients with type 2 DM were treated with 3mg/day melatonin for 90 days. Erythrocytes and plasma MDA and glutathione, fasting plasma glucose, %HbAIC, microalbuminuria, total plasma protein and lipid profile were measured each 30 days and compared with those obtained from 20 healthy controls.
A decrease in MDA levels associated with the elevation in GSH levels were observed, compared with the pre–treatment levels.
... Show MoreGreek theatre and roman theatre don’t let for woman with working in the theatre such as writer , directing and acting theatre , so appear term women theatre in past sixty central because the woman feeling with iniquitousness in your life , so this search included several sections that include money parts . Part one is term theatre women. Part two causes show the women theatre. Part three jenouse women in writer, direction, and action in the world. Part four jenouse women in the Arab theatre. Part fife Iraqi woman jenouse in the theatre. Section tow includes analyses for once performance Iraqi theatre that include several women. This performance from editor and direction by kaseem – Muhammad, assistant in the direction montaha – rah
... Show MoreBackground :Infectious disorders in general have high morbidity and mortality.. CNS infections include many disorders like bacterial meningitis, tuberculous and other subacute and chronic meningitis, viral meningitis, cerebral abscess, spinal cord infections, and others.
Objective: To assess our locality about prevalence of CNS infections , to have more awareness regarding CNS infections, and to try to find the proper way to reduce their prevalence and to treat them in appropriate way.
Method :We revised the records of all the cases of CNS infections excluding cases of spinal cord infections who were admitted in the wards of neuroscience hospital over the previous two years ( from July/2010 to June 2012 ),those were 132 cases.Seaso
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. On a daily basis the number of deaths associated with COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. The main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 is through the air (airborne transmission). This review details the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the aerodynamics, and different modes of transmission (e.g. droplets, droplet nuclei, and aerosol particles). SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by an infected person during activities such as expiration, coughing, sneezing, and talking. During such activities and some medical procedures, aerosols and droplets contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 particles are formed. Depending on their
... Show MoreThis paper demonstrates an experimental and numerical study aimed to compare the influence of openings of different configurations on the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete rafters. The experimental program consisted of testing six simply supported prestressed concrete rafters; 5 rafters are perforated, and the other one is solid as a reference. All rafters were tested under monotonic midpoint load. The variable which has been investigated in this work was the opening’s configuration (quadrilateral or circular) with the same upper and lower chords depths. The results indicate improvement in the beam flexural behavior using the circular openings compared to the quadrilateral o
Allosteric inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase (TK) is currently among the most attractive approaches for designing and developing anti-cancer drugs to avoid chemoresistance exhibited by clinically approved ATP-competitive inhibitors. The current work aimed to synthesize new biphenyl-containing derivatives that were predicted to act as EGFR TK allosteric site inhibitors based on molecular docking studies.
A new series of 4'-hydroxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid derivatives, including hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (S3-S6) and 1,2,4-triazole (S7-S10) derivatives, were synthesized and characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR
The nature of the political system of any country in the international system must have an impact on the policy of the State, whether in the interior or exterior, both regional and international, Turkey is one of the most important countries in the Middle East, which have a place and effectiveness on the surrounding environment, hence the importance of research lies in its political system and the transfer of power in it and its transformation from the form of the parliamentary system to the presidential system of the repercussions of the task and mutual effects between Turkey and the countries of the surrounding region in terms of the extent of achieving political stability in the Turkish interior or not and how this can be refl
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