ABSTRACT— In primary teeth, root canal treatment is a time consuming and challenging procedure, particularly during the most important step in endodontic treatment which is the preparation of the canal. Pulpectomy is the treatment of choice in all the necrotic primary teeth. For better treatment protocol, advancing technology brought the rotary system to reduce the manual dexterity and improve the quality of treatment for pulpectomy. This study aimed to compare and assess the efficacy of cleaning and the time required for the instrumentation during the preparation of root canals of the primary molars using the rotary and the manual (conventional) systems. Thirty root canals of primary teeth were selected. These teeth submitted to access opening and then all the canals injected with Indian ink. Then, 48 hours later, the teeth were randomly classified into two groups: group A (n=fifteen tooth): where the manual preparation of the root canals was done by stainless steel K- files, while group B (n= fifteen tooth): consisted of the root canals that prepared with rotary two shape system. The total instrumentation time was measured using a digital stopwatch. After that, a disk bur was used to section the roots. Then, a digital camera was used to photograph the specimens to evaluate the root canal cleaning. The cleaning efficacy was compared at the coronal, middle and apical level. In the coronal third, rotary two shape system showed more removal to the ink than the K-file with statistical significant difference (p <0.05), however, for the middle third of the canal, no statistical difference was found between the two systems (p=0.05). While at the apical level, K-file showed more removal to the ink than the rotary two shape system and with statistical significant difference (p <0.05). Evaluation of the total samples revealed no statistical significant difference concerning the efficacy of cleaning between K-files and rotary two shape system files. The group that was rotary prepared took less time for the canal preparation as compared to the manual group (80.063 sec., 144.576 sec. respectively). No significant difference was found between the two systems concerning the cleaning efficacy. Instrumentation done by the rotary system took significantly less time than that of the manual. KEYWORDS: Cleaning efficacy, manual instrumentation, primary teeth, rotary instrumentation.
This study focuses on the implementation of interfaces for human machine interaction (HMI) control and monitor automatic production line. The automatic production line can performance feeding, transportation, sorting functions. The objectives of this study are implemented two SCADA/HMI system using two different software. TIA portal software is used to build HMI, alarm, and trends in touch panel which is helped an operator to control and monitor the production line. LabVIEW software is used to build HMI and trends in the computer screen and is linked with Microsoft Excel (ME) to generate information table helped to monitor the performance of the pneumatic equipment. The production line can do performance feeding, transportation, sorting fun
... Show MoreThe goal of this work is to check the presence of PNS (photon number splitting) attack in quantum cryptography system based on BB84 protocol, and to get a maximum secure key length as possible. This was achieved by randomly interleaving decoy states with mean photon numbers of 5.38, 1.588 and 0.48 between the signal states with mean photon numbers of 2.69, 0.794 and 0.24. The average length for a secure key obtained from our system discarding the cases with Eavesdropping was equal to 125 with 20 % decoy states and 82 with 50% decoy states for mean photon number of 0.794 for signal states and 1.588 for decoy states.
The A2?u-X1?g+ emission band system of 7LiH1 molecule has been calculated for Lambda doubling. The relation between wave number ?p , ?Q , ?R conducted the energies of the state of rotation F (J), and (J + 1) with rotational quantum number J, respectively, of 7LiH1 molecule for statehood A2?u using the rotation, fixed vibrational states of both the ground and raised crossovers vibrational against ???= 0 to V ' = 0-4using rotational levels J = 0 to J = 20 have found.
The aim of this paper is to find a new method for solving a system of linear initial value problems of ordinary differential equation using approximation technique by two-point osculatory interpolation with the fit equal numbers of derivatives at the end points of an interval [0, 1] and compared the results with conventional methods and is shown to be that seems to converge faster and more accurately than the conventional methods.
Rate of penetration plays a vital role in field development process because the drilling operation is expensive and include the cost of equipment and materials used during the penetration of rock and efforts of the crew in order to complete the well without major problems. It’s important to finish the well as soon as possible to reduce the expenditures. So, knowing the rate of penetration in the area that is going to be drilled will help in speculation of the cost and that will lead to optimize drilling outgoings. In this research, an intelligent model was built using artificial intelligence to achieve this goal. The model was built using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system to predict the rate of penetration in
... Show MoreThe influence of 5-10 kHz audio frequency on the power dissipation in ac discharge of argon gas was studied experimentally, at pressures 50-80 mTorr and electrodes separation 10 cm (pd range 0.5-0.8 Torr.
cm). The measurements have shown that the discharge behavior in the ac circuit is equivalent to a series RC circuit. It is observed that the variation curve of discharge power P with the frequency f is approximately has a Gaussian shape. It is also observed that the curve of Pm- pd is the inverse of Paschen curve, where Pm is the maximum power in the frequency range. The time of breakdown is estimated from the curve of P- f.
Within this research, The problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine is the subject of study to minimize the multi-criteria and multi-objective functions. The first problem, minimizing the multi-criteria, which include Total Completion Time, Total Late Work, and Maximum Earliness Time (∑𝐶𝑗, ∑𝑉𝑗, 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥), and the second problem, minimizing the multi-objective functions ∑𝐶𝑗 + ∑𝑉𝑗 +𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 are the problems at hand in this paper. In this study, a mathematical model is created to address the research problems, and some rules provide efficient (optimal) solutions to these problems. It has also been proven that each optimal solution for ∑𝐶𝑗 + ∑𝑉𝑗 + 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 is an effic
... Show MoreThe evolution of cryptography has been crucial to preservation subtle information in the digital age. From early cipher algorithms implemented in earliest societies to recent cryptography methods, cryptography has developed alongside developments in computing field. The growing in cyber threats and the increase of comprehensive digital communications have highlighted the significance of selecting effective and robust cryptographic techniques. This article reviews various cryptography algorithms, containing symmetric key and asymmetric key cryptography, via evaluating them according to security asset, complexity, and execution speed. The main outcomes demonstrate the growing trust on elliptic curve cryptography outstanding its capabi
... Show MoreThe cost of microalgae harvesting constitutes a heavy burden on the commercialization of biofuel production. The present study addressed this problem through economic and parametric comparison of electrochemical harvesting using a sacrificial electrode (aluminum) and a nonsacrificial electrode (graphite). The harvesting efficiency, power consumption, and operation cost were collected as objective variables as a function of applied current and initial pH of the solution. The results indicated that high harvesting efficiency obtained by using aluminum anode is achieved in short electrolysis time. That harvesting efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the applied current or the electrolysis time for both electrode materials, where 98
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