Cerebellum (cb) is the most important and sensitive part of the central nervous system (CNS) after cerebrum. The exposure to any infection during embryogenesis produces abnormalities in the cerebellum function and morphology that effect on behavioral of offspring later. In the present study we used 30 mature female pregnant albino rats divided in to three groups, each group contain 10 females: G1 was considered the control group received D.W only, while G2 group treated orally with (2mg/kg /day) suspension of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and G3 group treated orally with (20mg/kg/day) AgNPs. The embryos retrieved in different embryonic days from ED12 to ED21. In this study morphometric analysis was measured in the developing albino rats cerebellum after maternal exposure to two concentrations of AgNPs from preimplantation period until delivery . we measured the morphometric parameters (area, perimeter, anterior-posterior diameter APD and transverse diameter TD) of the selected embryonic days; ED12,ED15,ED18, and ED21 and retrieved the embryos from these days. The morphometric results in the control group(G1) showed that increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) in the area of the developing cerebellum from ED12 until reach the optimal level in the end of gestation at ED21 (14.0815mm2 to 18.969 mm2 respectively), perimeter (9.804 mm2 to 16.267 mm2) and TD (52.6308μm to 431.6 μm),while the APD value was increased significantly (P≤ 0.05) at ED12 and ED15 only (367.0041 μm, 454.011 μm )respectively but the orientation growth of the cerebellum decreased significantly (P≤ 0.05) at the later stage of the development at ED18 and ED21(364.48 μm, 225μm) respectively. In the present research both concentrations of the AgNPs (2mg and 20 mg/kg/ B.Wt) showed changes in the dimensions of the developing cerebellum cortex according to the studied morphometric parameters; in the 2 mg/kg/ B.Wt, the area of the developing cerebellum cortex was increased significantly (P≤0.05) from ED12 (47.437mm 2) and reached to maximum growth at ED18 (130.220 mm2), while it is growth inhibited at ED21( 68.909 mm2) compared to control group, the values of the developing cerebellum cortex perimeter increased significantly (P≤0.05) from ED12 until ED15 (0.964 mm 2, 2.548 mm 2) respectively compared to control group; TD values of the developing cerebellum cortex increased significantly (P≤0.05) from ED12 until ED15 also (259.341 μm,436.203 μm) respectively compared to control group. While the APD of the developing cerebellum cortex was decreased significantly (P≤0.05) during late development of the cortex at ED18 and ED21(330.415 μm, 131.5 μm) respectively as in the control group. In G3 group which treated with 20mg/kg/ B.Wt concentration of AgNPs, the similar results of area were showed as in the lower concentration, area of the developing cortex increased significantly (P≤0.05) from ED12(80.11mm 2) and reached to maximum growth at ED18(140.56 mm2) and lower after that. the values of the developing cerebellum cortex perimeter increased significantly (P≤0.05) from ED12 until ED15 (0.256 mm2, 0.543 mm2) respectively compared to control group; while in the APD and TD values the effect of the higher concentration of the AgNPs was more effect on these dimensions; APD values decreased significantly (P≤0.05) at ED15 (360.48 μm ) and not reach to the complete growth, also in TD values decreased at ED15 (400.5744 μm) and do not reach to maximum growth at end embryonic development compared to the embryonic development timing in the control group.
The research involves using phenol – formaldehyde (Novolak) resin as matrix for making composite material, while glass fiber type (E) was used as reinforcing materials. The specimen of the composite material is reinforced with (60%) ratio of glass fiber.
The impregnation method is used in test sample preparation, using molding by pressure presses.
All samples were exposure to (Co60) gamma rays of an average energy (2.5)Mev. The total doses were (208, 312 and 728) KGy.
The mechanical tests (bending, bending strength, shear force, impact strength and surface indentation) were performed on un irradiated and irrad
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Exposure to cryogenic liquids can significantly impact the petrophysical properties of rock, affecting its density, porosity, permeability, and elastic properties. These effects can have important implications for various applications, including oil and gas production and carbon sequestration. Cryogenic liquid fracturing is a promising alternative to traditional hydraulic fracturing for exploiting unconventional oil and gas resources and geothermal energy. This technology offers several advantages over traditional hydraulic fracturing, including reduced water consumption, reduced formation damage, and a reduced risk of flow-back fluid contamination. In this study, an updated review of recent studies demonstrates how the
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Background: Debonding orthodontic brackets and removal of residual bonding material from the enamel surface include critical steps that may cause enamel damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the site of bond failure and enamel surface damage after debonding of three types of esthetic brackets (composite, ceramic, sapphire) bonded with light cure composite and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive. Materials and methods: Seventy two maxillary premolars teeth were divided into three groups each group consisted of 24 teeth according to the type of brackets. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (12 teeth for each) according to the bonding material that was used. After 7 days of bonding procedure, the brackets
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Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the effect of continuous exposure to Sodium Nitrite on 8-oxoguanine
DNA glycosylase (OGG1) gene which responsible on DNA repairs. DNA repair play a major role in maintaining
genomic stability when DNA exposure to damage. Genomic stability is very important for keeping body cells
healthy and to prevent many types of tumor development. Many genes are responsible for this job; one of them is
OGG1 gene.
Methodology: In current study two groups of mice were chronically exposed to sodium nitrite for six months and
eighteen months while third group was used as a control. Then sizes of OGG1 were estimated.
Results: The results exhibited in the unexposed (control) mice had two dif
Abstract:
This research aims to compare Bayesian Method and Full Maximum Likelihood to estimate hierarchical Poisson regression model.
The comparison was done by simulation using different sample sizes (n = 30, 60, 120) and different Frequencies (r = 1000, 5000) for the experiments as was the adoption of the Mean Square Error to compare the preference estimation methods and then choose the best way to appreciate model and concluded that hierarchical Poisson regression model that has been appreciated Full Maximum Likelihood Full Maximum Likelihood with sample size (n = 30) is the best to represent the maternal mortality data after it has been reliance value param
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This research aims to demonstrate the knowledge pillars of the product life cycle assessment technique and how to measure the cost according to this technique, and to clarify its role in reducing costs, improving product quality and optimizing the use of available resources, and a set of results has been reached, the most important of which are: The separation of environmental costs through the use of product life cycle assessment technique helps the Management in handling the increase of these costs, reducing the rates of environmental pollution and preserving resources, which contributes to achieving the sustainability of the product, and based on the results obtained, a set of recommendations were presented, the most important of which w
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This study evaluated the extent to which obturation materials bypass fractured endodontic instruments positioned in the middle and apical thirds of severely curved simulated root canals using different obturation techniques. Sixty resin blocks with simulated root canals were used, each with a 50° curvature, a 6.5 mm radius of curvature, and a length of 16.5 mm, prepared to an ISO #15 diameter and taper. Canals were shaped using ProTaper Universal files (Dentsply Maillefer) attached to an X-smart Plus endo motor (Dentsply), set at 3.5 Ncm torque and 250 rpm, up to size S2 at working length. To simulate fractures, F2 and F3 files were weakened 3 mm from the tip, then twisted to break in the apical and middle sections of the canal, re
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Background: Although bleaching is typically considered a safe procedure, various investigations have found minor negative effects and changes in mineral composition. The aim was to Evaluate and compare the efficacy of using Nanohydroxyapatite serum on surface microhardness of enamel surface before and after bleaching with chemically cured Boost bleaching. Material and methods: ten sound human permanent upper and lower premolar teeth were used and their roots were removed 2 mm apically to the cementoenamel junction, the crowns were sectioned mesiodistally into two halves buccal and lingual/palatal, the buccal surface was further subdivided into two halves. The samples were embeded in an acrylic resin, resulting in 30 specimens divide
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