The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of the constructivist learning Model on the achievement and reflective thinking of the fifth grade literary Preparatory students in History subject. A random sample was chosen which consisted of 64 students divided into experimental and control groups, each group consisted of 32 students. The experimental group was taught via the constructivist learning model, and the control group was taught via the traditional method. The experiment was lasted for Eight weeks, each week taught two lessons. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control. The two groups were equalized statistically. The researcher used two instruments, the achievement test and the reflective thinking test.

The undetected error probability is an important measure to assess the communication reliability provided by any error coding scheme. Two error coding schemes namely, Joint crosstalk avoidance and Triple Error Correction (JTEC) and JTEC with Simultaneous Quadruple Error Detection (JTEC-SQED), provide both crosstalk reduction and multi-bit error correction/detection features. The available undetected error probability model yields an upper bound value which does not give accurate estimation on the reliability provided. This paper presents an improved mathematical model to estimate the undetected error probability of these two joint coding schemes. According to the decoding algorithm the errors are classified into patterns and their decoding

Empirical equations for estimating thickening time and compressive strength of bentonitic - class "G" cement slurries were derived as a function of water to cement ratio and apparent viscosity (for any ratios). How the presence of such an equations easily extract the thickening time and compressive strength values of the oil field saves time without reference to the untreated control laboratory tests such as pressurized consistometer for thickening time test and Hydraulic Cement Mortars including water bath ( 24 hours ) for compressive strength test those may have more than one day.

In this study, a different design of passive air Solar Chimney(SC)was tested by installing it in the south wall of insulated test room in Baghdad city. The SC was designed from vertical and inclined parts connected serially together, the vertical SC (first part) has a single pass and Thermal Energy Storage Box Collector (TESB (refined paraffin wax as Phase Change Material(PCM)-Copper Foam Matrix(CFM))), while the inclined SC was designed in single pass, double passes and double pass with TESB (semi refined paraffin wax with copper foam matrix) with selective working angle ((30^o, 45^o and 60^o). A computational model was employed and solved by Finite Volume Method (FVM) to simulate the air i

Perennial biofuel and cover crops systems are important for enhancing soil health and can provide numerous soil, agricultural, and environmental benefits. The study objective was to investigate the effects of cover crops and biofuel crops on soil hydraulic properties relative to traditional management for claypan soils. The study site included selected management practices: cover crop (CC) and no cover crop (NC) with corn/soybean rotation, switchgrass (SW), and miscanthus (MI). The CC mixture consisted of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and Austrian winter pea. The research site was located at Bradford Research Center in Missouri, USA, and was implemented on a Mexico silt loam. Intact soil cores (76‐mm diam. by 76‐mm long) were taken from the

The research aims to identify the level of functional engagement and hope-based thinking of kindergarten teachers, identify if there is a significant difference in functional engagement and hope-based thinking in terms of specialization and years of service for kindergarten teachers, identify if there is a significant correlation between functional engagement and hope-based thinking of kindergarten teachers. The current research is determined by kindergarten teachers in the Second Rusafa Baghdad Education Directorate for the academic year (2022-2023). In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared a functional engagement scale, which consists of (45) items in three areas: Perceptual and functional engagement

The Present research aimed at identifying:   

1- The level of environmental stress among preparatory students

2- The level of self-rebellion  among preparatory students

3- The correlation between the two variables of research (environmental stress and self-rebellion) and the extent to which the independent variable contributes to the variable of the middle school students. 

The current research has determined the students of the fifth stage of the preparatory stage and all the branches in the departments of education in Baghdad province the morning study for the academic

Thin films of CuPc of various thicknesses (150,300 and 450) nm have been deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique at room temperature. The study showed that the spectra of the optical absorption of the thin films of the CuPc  are two bands of absorption one in the visible region at about 635 nm, referred to as Q-band, and the second in ultra-violet region where B-band is located at 330 nm. CuPc thin films were found to have direct band gap with values around (1.81 and 3.14 (eV respectively. The vibrational studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Finally, From open and closed aperture Z-scan data non-linear absorption coefficient and non-linear refractive index have been calculated res