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مضمون العقد- دراسة في ضوء المرسوم التشريعي الفرنسي رقم 131-2016 الصادر في 10/شباط/2016

من المفاهٌم المستحدثة التًي جاء بها مرسوم تعدٌيل القانون المدنً الفرنسًي رقم 131-2016 والصادر فًي شباط/ 2016 ،والتًي اثارت جدلا فقهٌيا سواء على مستوى الفقه الفرنسًي او العربًي، مفهوم (مضمون العقد) الذي حل كما ٌيبدو من ظاهر المواد القانونٌة المستحدثة محل ركنًي السبب والمحل فً العقد، وهما الركنان اللذان شكلا وعلى مدى مائتي عام ونيف احدى المرتكزات الاساسٌة فً تقنٌين نابلٌون. فهل ان مرسوم التعدٌيل قد تخلى بالفعل عن هذٌين الركنٌين، ام ان جل ما فعله هو تغيير فًي المصطلحات مع المحافظة على مضمون هذٌين الركنٌين بشكل ضمنًي، هذا ما سنحاول بٌيانه فًي هذا البحث فًي ضوء ما هو متاح من المصادر الحدٌيثة التًي عالجت مفهوم مضمون العقد فًي ضوء مرسوم التعدٌيل.

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 30 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Properties of the Adjoint Operator of a General Fuzzy Bounded Operator

Our goal in the present paper is to recall the concept of general fuzzy normed space and its basic properties in order to define the adjoint operator of a general fuzzy bounded operator from a general fuzzy normed space V into another general fuzzy normed space U. After that basic properties of the adjoint operator were proved then the definition of fuzzy reflexive general fuzzy normed space was introduced in order to prove that every finite dimensional general fuzzy normed space is fuzzy reflexive.

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 02 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Dimension feminine in The Respectful Prostitute’s Jean- Paul Sartre and The Blind Prostitute’s Badr Shaker al-Sayyabe: La dimension féminine dans La P….respectueuse de Jean-Paul Sartre et La Prostituée Aveugle de Badr Shaker al-Sayyabe

      Jean-Paul Sartre and Badr Shakir al-Sayyabe are among the most prominent writers that critiqued the destructive role of capitalism and the patriarchal power system in the period of the Post-World War II crisis. Divided into three chapters, the present study examines two of the most eminent literary works in the history of the Western and Eastern societies in the fifties of the last decade: Jean Paul Sartre’s play : The Respectful Prostitute and Badr Shaker al-Sayyabe’s poem: The Blind Prostitute.

       Chapter one discusses the position of the prostitute in a patriarchal societies. Chapter two linguistically analy

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2016
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Political Consultation and Public Opinion Polls

Increasingly important public opinion polls steadily .... especially in electoral campaigns, sheds searchlight on the side of the US elections, in different time periods, and cited the words of experts and people involved in it, and reviews Find great development that took place in the polls and what could happen to this work It is important in the future. Display search for certain types of polls, dividing them on as stated by the experts in the United States... This division shows that the surveys of the most political processes and accuracy of information, and that their Money being made and companies specialized in the administration of this type of measuring public opinion ..... what is returned decision-making, for example, in conj

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 04 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
واقع ممارسة المعلمين لحفظ النظام وإدارة الصفوف من وجهة نظر المعلمين أنفسهم

This study aimed to discover the reality of the teacher's maintainced of order and classroom management from the perspective of teachers themselves.

A social survey with an introduce sample that consist (180) male and female teachers from the provinces of Ajloun and Jerash in 2008-2009. To achieve the objective of the study was developed for this purpose and the results have shown the existence of statistically significant differences in marinating order and the management of class and in favor of females, the results also showed Statistically significant differences regarding the academic qualification and for the benefit of holders of master degrees and more compared to those with bachelor's degree.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 28 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Emergency of Edge city between Regeneration and Acclimatization Urban

           In the nineteenth century, a new type of cities appeared, known as new cities located on the edges of major cities, and these cities began to  decentralization, urban studies turned to this type of cities to find out the most important reasons for the emergence of new cities and find out what those cities will become . Therefore, we will discuss in this research how the urban emergence of these cities (edge cities) occurs, so the research formulates its problem : The need to know the stages that edge cities go through, ending with their emergence, and the mechanisms that cities take within their context  ( regeneration or adaptation ), Assuming that edge cities are a

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The vision of Hebrew writers and critics of the future of the Jews in their writings at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the twentieth c: דעותיהם של הסופרים והמבקרים העבריים על עתידם של היהודים לפי כתבותיהם בשלהי המאה ה-19 ובתחילת המאה ה-20

It is very known  how great is the  role of the Jewish writers in the system of the Zionist movement. The movement relied on writers and writers to carry out their programs, especially those pertaining to the creation of a "national homeland" for Jews. Most Jewish writers sang of  Palestine even though they were not born there.

    On such a  basis, we have followed closely the writings of writers, critics and others by the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. We found that these writings are based on one common question: What is the fate of the Jewish people?

    Most of these writings were accompanied by Theodor Herzl's proj

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Publication Date
Tue May 11 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
A Reviewing the Top Health Systems with Comparison to Iraqi Health System: Commercial Health Systems Review

Background: The assessments of performance in any health system is a

challenging goal.

Objectives: This article reviews the top healthcare systems then compares

them to Iraqi health system.

Patients and methods: The top 12 commercial Health Systems in 2020

ranked by a survey of more than 20,000 international citizens from 73

countries on 65 diverse metrics. These metrics vary from simple to critical

health system performance criteria.

Results: Up to January 2020, the review shows that Canada has t

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 27 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Applications of social networking sites: Research Tools

Media and communication's research are varied in accordance to research approaches' variety which seeks to reach convergent social, psychological, political, economic, and technical point of views. Its main aim is to assimilate all the new variables in the communicative method, especially, social media sites research; concerning their methodology, tools and theories. It is due to their diverse - developed applications and their increased rates of public use becoming irreplaceable in our daily life. It is well reflected by their consequent impact on the the public beside their role in changing its views.

This clarifies the notable increase of scientific research that concern them manifesting the dialectica

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
SURVEYS MEASUREMENT OF PUBLIC OPINION BETWEEN THEORY AND PRACTICE

The majority of statisticians, if not most of them, are primarily concerned with the theoretical aspects of their field of work rather than their application to the practical aspects. Its importance as well as its direct impact on the development of various sciences. Although the theoretical aspect is the first and decisive basis in determining the degree of accuracy of any research work, we always emphasize the importance of the applied aspects that are clear to everyone, as well as its direct impact on the development of different sciences. The measurements of public opinion is one of the most important aspects of the application of statistics, which has taken today, a global resonance and has become a global language that everyone can

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
On Shrunken Estimation of Generalized Exponential Distribution

This paper deal with the estimation of the shape parameter (a) of Generalized Exponential (GE) distribution when the scale parameter (l) is known via preliminary test single stage shrinkage estimator (SSSE) when a prior knowledge (a0) a vailable about the shape parameter as initial value due past experiences as well as suitable region (R) for testing this prior knowledge.

The Expression for the Bias, Mean squared error [MSE] and Relative Efficiency [R.Eff(×)] for the proposed estimator are derived. Numerical results about beha

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