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Power Efficiency Maximization in Cognitive Radio Networks
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Cognitive radio technology is used to improve spectrum efficiency by having the cognitive radios act as secondary users to access primary frequency bands when they are not currently being used. In general conditions, cognitive secondary users are mobile nodes powered by battery and consuming power is one of the most important problem that facing cognitive networks; therefore, the power consumption is considered as a main constraint. In this paper, we study the performance of cognitive radio networks considering the sensing parameters as well as power constraint. The power constraint is integrated into the objective function named power efficiency which is a combination of the main system parameters of the cognitive network. We prove the existence of optimal combination of parameters such that the power efficiency is maximized. Then we reformulate the objective function to incorporate the throughput. According to different constraints or degree of significance, we may put proper weight to each term so that we could obtain more preferable combination of parameters. Computer simulations have given the optimal solution curve for different weights. We can draw the conclusion that if we put more emphasis on power efficiency, the transmit power is a more critical parameter, however if throughput is more important, the effect of sensing time is significant.

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 01 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Digital Photo credibility and its reflection on the cognitive process of journalistic image of Viewers: زيـاد طـارق شـــاكر
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Represent the current study and tagged (the credibility of digital image and its reflection on the process of cognitive picture releases) scientific effort is designed to detect realizing press releases and the extent affected the credibility of the digital image by selecting the relationship between digital photo and the extent of their credibility on the one hand and between the process of cognition and Press Photo of the hand Other than the consequent establishment researcher collects materials to serve the scientific research topic in three chaptersCombine the first one methodological framework for the search of the research problem and its significance and the desired objective be achieved together with the definition of the most im

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Publication Date
Wed May 12 2021
Journal Name
Annals Of The Romanian Society For Cell Biology
Cognitive Motivation among Students of the Faculty of Education and its Relationship to the Trend to Teaching Profession
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The present research aims to identify thecorrelation between cognitive motivation andthe trend towards the teaching profession among students of the Department of Chemistry in theFaculty of Education for Pure Sciences - Ibn al-Haytham, as well as to identify the differences in the relationship according to the variable type (male, female). The measures of cognitive motivation and the trend towards the teaching profession were applied, using pearson's correlation coefficient,t-testfor one sample, andthe t-test of two separate samples.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 29 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the efficiency of quality health services in the province of Karbala: Models using the Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
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  The research aims to measure  the efficiency of health services Quality  in the province of Karbala, using the Data Envelopment analysis Models in ( 2006). According to these models the degree of efficiency ranging between zero and unity. We estimate Scale efficiency  for two types of orientation direction, which are input and output oriented direction.

  The results showed, according Input-oriented efficiency that the levels of Scale efficiency on average is ( 0.975), in the province of Karbala. While the index of Output-oriented efficiency on average is (o.946).

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 20 2025
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Effect of training on anaerobic endurance according to the average efficiency in the development of physical players Wrestling Judo
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Wrestling Judo, one of the sports that have seen greatdevelopment in recent years in the world, requiring preparationphysically special, which is to be determined physical aptitude of thebad functional efficiency of the heart and lungs, Efficient physicalclosely linked to the ability of the player performance, as the physicalaptitude to play an important role the possibility of control over theaspects and physical skills during training and competition.The study aims to determine the effect of training on anaerobicendurance according to the average (30-60 sec) in the development ofphysical aptitude for judo players. Used a much more extremeexperimental method on a sample was Blaabat national teamwrestling judo and numbers of 16 for the play

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2025
Journal Name
Advanced Journal Of Chemistry, Section A
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Derivatives to Evaluate their Efficiency as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Saline Medium
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This work includes preparation of Az, Qz, and Tz derivatives from the reaction of Schiff base (Sb) derivative with anthranilic acid, chloroacetyl chloride, and sodium azide, as well as, the characterization via FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13CNMR. The anticorrosion inhibition of these compounds was studied and the measurements of carbon steel (CS) corrosion in sodium chloride solution 3.5% (blank) and inhibitor in solutions were calculated at a temperature range of 293-323 K by the technique of electrochemical polarization. In addition, some thermodynamic and kinetic activation parameters for inhibitor and blank solutions (Ea⋇, ΔH⋇, ΔS⋇, and ΔG⋇) were determined. The results showed high inhibition efficacy for all the prepared compounds,

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Scopus
Publication Date
Sat Sep 20 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
A study to compare the cleaning efficiency of different irrigation systems for macro debris removal in instrumented canals (An in vitro study)
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Background: Irrigation of the canal system permits removal of residual tissue in the canal anatomy that cannot be reached by instrumentation of the main canals so the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of conventional irrigation system, endoactivator sonic irrigation system,P5 Newtron Satelec passive ultrasonic irrigation and Endovac irrigation system in removing of dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Materials and methods: Forty extracted premolars with approximately straight single root canals were randomly distributed into 4 tested groups of 10 teeth each. All canals were prepared with Protaper Universal ha

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Assessment of Human Investment Efficiency in the Private University Teaching according to the strategy of Higher Education in Iraq and chosen Colleges))
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Abstract:

the current research aims at analyzing the efficiency of the private university teaching  that recently expanded after 2003 ,;besides , the commitment of the private colleges ,definitely Al-Maamun and Al-Mansour colleges with strategy  of the ministry of higher  education and scientific  research.  This could be done through many indications that measure the efficiency of the  private university teaching , including ( the indication of  the efficiency of   using human resources and efficiency  in using  the materialistic indications.  But the human efficiency in these colleges , including the sample  of the research ( Maamun 

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 22 2017
Journal Name
Research Journal Of Pharmaceutical, Biological And Chemical Sciences
Testing the Efficiency of Probiotic in Reducing the Growth of Aspergillus flavas in Corn Stored and its Effect on Performance of Broiler
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This study has been done for testing the effectiveness and efficiency of probiotic in its ability to inhibit Aspergillus flavus , which secretes the aflatoxin B1 and compare it with materials that were approved to be effective in the inhibition of the growth of fungi and break down and reduction of mycotoxin. these are the filax substance and ozone gas. A laboratory experiment has been conducted to determine the isolates out of the fungus producing the aflatoxin B1.the isolate producing aflatoxin B1 has grown on the yellow corn seed. the probiotic was added along with the filax and they have been exposed to ozone gas and then they were stored from 30 days. A bio test was con conducted to knw the effects of biological toxin on the broiler me

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Analyzing impact of competitive dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning: دراسه استطلاعيه
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The aim of this research is to diagnose the impact of competitive dimensions represented by quality, cost, time, flexibility on the efficiency of e-learning, The research adopted the descriptive analytical method by identifying the impact of these dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning, as well as the use of the statistical method for the purpose of eliciting results. The research concluded that there is an impact of the competitive dimensions on the efficiency of e-learning, as it has been proven that the special models for each of the research hypotheses are statistically significant and at a level of significance of 5%, and that each of these dimensions has a positive impact on the dependent variable, and the research recommended

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Publication Date
Mon May 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Evaluation of PV Panel Efficiency Using Evaporative Cooling Integrated with Water Spraying
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In this work, an inventive photovoltaic evaporative cooling (PV/EC) hybrid system was constructed and experimentally investigated. The PV/EC hybrid system has the prosperous advantage of producing electrical energy and cooling the PV panel besides providing cooled-humid air. Two cooling techniques were utilized: backside evaporative cooling (case #1) and combined backside evaporative cooling with a front-side water spray technique (case #2). The water spraying on the front side of the PV panel is intermittent to minimize water and power consumption depending on the PV panel temperature. In addition, two pad thicknesses of 5 cm and 10 cm were investigated at three different water flow rates of 1, 2, and 3 lpm. In Case #1,

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