Background: Debonding orthodontic brackets and removal of residual bonding material from the enamel surface include critical steps that may cause enamel damage. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the site of bond failure and enamel surface damage after debonding of three types of esthetic brackets (composite, ceramic, sapphire) bonded with light cure composite and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive. Materials and methods: Seventy two maxillary premolars teeth were divided into three groups each group consisted of 24 teeth according to the type of brackets. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (12 teeth for each) according to the bonding material that was used. After 7 days of bonding procedure, the brackets

This research aims to design a high-speed laser diode driver and photodetector, the result is the
design of the high-speed laser diode driver with a short pulse of 10 ns at 30 KHz frequency and the
delivered maximum pulse voltage is 5.5 mV. Also, its optical output power of the laser diode driver is
about 2.529 mW for the centroied wavelength 1546.7 nm with FWHM of 286 pm and (1270-1610) nm.
The design of the circuit based on bipolar transistor where the input pulse signal is simply generated by
an arduino kit with 15 kHz frequency and then compensated to trigger to small signal amplifier which
was is simply NPN C3355 transistor and the output is a current driver to the laser diode. OptiSystem
software and Electronic

Due to the large population of motorway users in the country of Iraq, various approaches have been adopted to manage queues such as implementation of traffic lights, avoidance of illegal parking, amongst others. However, defaulters are recorded daily, hence the need to develop a mean of identifying these defaulters and bring them to book. This article discusses the development of an approach of recognizing Iraqi licence plates such that defaulters of queue management systems are identified. Multiple agencies worldwide have quickly and widely adopted the recognition of a vehicle license plate technology to expand their ability in investigative and security matters. License plate helps detect the vehicle's information automatically ra

      The study was conducted for the detection of Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in the serum and urine of 42 early and middle childhood patients (26 male and  16 female ) with renal function disease, liver function disease, in additional to atrophy in the growth and other symptoms depending on the information within consent obtained from each patient, in addition to 8 children, apparently healthy, as  the control. The technique of HPLC was used for the detection of AFB1 from all samples. The results showed that out of 42 patient children, 19 (45.2%) gave positive detection of AFB1 in the serum among all age groups patients with a mean of 0.88 ng/ml and a range of (0.12-3.04) ng/ml. This was compared with the cont

Objective(s): The study aims to assess the early detection of early detection of first degree relatives to type-II
diabetes mellitus throughout the diagnostic tests of Glycated Hemoglobin A1C. (HgbA1C), Oral Glucose Tolerance
Test (OGTT) and to find out the relationship between demographic data and early detection of first degree
relatives to type-II diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: A purposive "non-probability" sample of (200) subjects first degree relatives to type-II diabetes
mellitus was selected from National Center for Diabetes Mellitus/Al-Mustansria University and Specialist Center
for Diabetes Mellitus and Endocrine Diseases/Al-kindy. These related persons have presented the age of (40-70)
years old. A questio

The objective of the present study is to verify the actual carious lesion depth by laser
fluorescence technique using 650 nm CW diode laser in comparison with the histopathological
investigation. Five permanent molar teeth were extracted from adult individuals for different reasons
(tooth impaction, periodontal diseases, and pulp infections); their ages were ranging from 20-25 years
old. Different carious teeth with varying clinical stages of caries progression were examined. An
experimental laser fluorescence set-up was built to perform the work regarding in vitro detection and
quantification of occlusal dental caries and the determination of its actual clinical carious lesion depth by
650 nm CW diode laser (excitat

Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of hypertension among
cardiac diseases patients and to fiend out relation ship between hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive study, using interviewer and questionnaire technique was conducted on cardiac
diseases inpatients of clinic unite at Kirkuk and Azady hospitals from 17th ,June ,2012 to 1st, March , 2013.
Non – probability (purposive) sample of (148) adult patients, (81) females and (67) males with heart disease are
selected from inpatients of clinic unite at Kirkuk and Azady hospitals at kirkuk city. Questionnaire was
developed to assess the items which are related to heart disease patient's (Dise

Complexes of Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II)and Zn(II) with mixed ligand of 4 tributylphosphine (PBu3) were prepared in aqueous ethanol with (1:2:2) (M:L:PBu3)The prepared

Marketing is one of the most important pillars on which most industrial and commercial sectors depend on evaluating their performance, improving their financial position, development and economic growth. The presence of effective marketing activities in any industrial or commercial organization (which works to meet the requirements of customers in order to ensure the integration of trading and handling rings with consumers and to ensure the growth of the marketing process regularly and not to retreat) effectively contributes to maintaining the company's position between its competitors and its customers. It is necessary to have these marketing activities in order to meet the requirements of the organization on the one hand and to

This study was carried out to determine the effects of NaCl (0.00, 50, 100, 150, 180 or 200) mM and two different types of mutagens chemical mutagen ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) at 0.5% and physical mutagen UV-B irradiation (40 min time exposure), on mitotic division in two Iraqi rice genotypes Amber 33 (A33) and Amber Baghdad (AB). Different concentrations of NaCl were used. Mitotic index (MI %) was decreased significantly by increasing NaCl concentration, however the highest mitotic index was recorded in mutated genotypes with EMS and UV-B. Different abnormal chromosomes were noticed in mutated plants. Results showed high percentage of abnormal chromosomes in EMS mutated genotypes. In addition no significant differences between genotypes