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Evaluation of Gas and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage GDWS-AGD Process in Saturated Oil Reservoirs with Infinite-Acting Aquifer
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Abstract<p>A hybrid Gas-Enhanced and Downhole Water Sink-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GDWS-AGD) process has been suggested to enhance oil recovery by placing vertical injectors for CO2 at the top of the reservoir with a series of horizontal oil-producing and water-drainage wells located above and below the oil-water contact, respectively. The injected gas builds a gas cap that drives the oil to the (upper) oil-producing wells while the bottom water-drainage wells control water cresting. The hybrid process of GDWS-AGD process has been first developed and tested in vertical wells to minimize water cut in reservoirs with bottom water drive and strong water coning tendencies. The wells were dual-completed with 7-inch production casing and 2-3/8 inch tubings and perforated above the oil-water contact (OWC) for oil production and below OWC for water drainage. The two completions were hydraulically isolated inside the well by a packer. The bottom (water sink) completion drained water with a submersible pump.</p><p>The GDWS-AGD was efficiently adopted to improve oil recovery at the PUNQ saturated oil field. The PUNQ Field has an infinite active aquifer with very strong edge and bottom water drives. A black oil reservoir flow model was implemented for CO2 flooding simulation of the GDWS-AGD process in comparison with the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process. The comparison was performed to obtain the clearest image about the performance of the combined GDWS-AGD process. Next, Design of Experiments (DoE) and proxy modeling were incorporated to find the most sensitive parameters that affect the GDWS-AGD process performance. The candidate parameters are porosity, horizontal and vertical permeability for each layer, radius of aquifer and rock compressibility.</p><p>In the GDWS-AGD, the produced water not only reduced water cut and coning, but also significantly reduced the reservoir pressure, resulting in improving gas injectivity. In addition, the GDWS-AGD process improved cumulative oil production. More specifically, the results showed that cumulative oil production increased from 3.8*105m3 to 4.7*105m3 and water cut decreased from 97% to 92% in all the horizontal oil producers. For the proxy model, it was cleared from Sobol analysis that the porosity for layer 5 was more influential parameter than others on cumulative oil through GDWS-AGD process with 31% main effects and 0.025% interaction effects, while the horizontal permeability for layer 4 was the most influential parameter with 24% main effects and 1.5% interaction effects. The novelty of GDWS-AGD process comes from its effectiveness to improve oil recovery with reducing the water coning, water cut, and improving gas injectivity. This leads to more economic implementation, especially with respect to the operational surface facilities.</p>
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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Recurrent Stroke Prediction using Machine Learning Algorithms with Clinical Public Datasets: An Empirical Performance Evaluation
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Recurrent strokes can be devastating, often resulting in severe disability or death. However, nearly 90% of the causes of recurrent stroke are modifiable, which means recurrent strokes can be averted by controlling risk factors, which are mainly behavioral and metabolic in nature. Thus, it shows that from the previous works that recurrent stroke prediction model could help in minimizing the possibility of getting recurrent stroke. Previous works have shown promising results in predicting first-time stroke cases with machine learning approaches. However, there are limited works on recurrent stroke prediction using machine learning methods. Hence, this work is proposed to perform an empirical analysis and to investigate machine learning al

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 15 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
The Physical and Chemical Characteristic of Al-Garraf River Water at Waist Province Canal
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 Monthly variations in Physio-chemical parameters of Al-Garraf water in Waist province, one of the main tributaries of the Tigris River to investigate the water quality of the river from August 2014 to January 2015. The study location situated in the southeastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by wide and fertile agricultural lands. Three stations were selected for collecting  samples monthly, samples were taken each month. Station one is located at 500 m of  the AL - KUT Dam. The second is situated at distance of 15 Km away from the former (Kut- Muwafaqiya) and the latter station is located at 18 Km apart from the second one upon entering the river hand Muwafaqiya.  In the present study fourteen physical and chemical

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Plant Archives
The seasonal effect on the water bodies in Iraqi marshlands
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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Evaluation of Morphological (Macroscopic and Microscopic) Parameters of Placentas in Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia, Diabetes and Preeclampsia and Diabetes.
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This study was done to compare the morphometric parameters of placentas in well controlled patients with preeclampsia, diabetes, and preeclampsia-diabetes with that of normal uncomplicated placentas. Patients & Methods: A total of Twenty four placentas were freshly collected. Six placentas for control group and eighteen placentas for complicated group (preeclamptic-diabetic and preeclamptic--diabetic subgroups). The placentas were grossly examined (shape, number of cotyledons, weight, and thickness). After suitable fixation, tissue processing and sectioning, the sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin to study the general morphology and morphometry of the following parameters: number of terminal villi, number of syncytial knots, numb

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 30 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Effect of Chronic Exposure of Cadmium Chloride in Drinking Water on Structural and Functional Aspects of Thyroid Gland in Mature Male Rabbits
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The effect of chronic exposure to two different levels of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) 30 ppb and 40 ppb in drinking water for 12 weeks on thyroid function of mature male rabbits was studied. Eighteen mature male rabbits  were randomly divided into three groups (each of six ) , control group (group I ): were offered ordinary tap water , and treated groups (II and III ) were offered tap water containing 30ppb and 40 ppb respectively for 12 weeks .Serum concentration of  thyroxin (T4 ) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured every six weeks ,as an index  of  thyroid function , further more ,  section of thyroid gland were prepared for histological studies. The results showed that  chronic exposure of male rabbits

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2009
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of Molecular Interactions of Water- Soluble Polymer at Several Temperatures in Solution
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Molecular interactions between 2-isopropenylnaphthalene-methacrylic acid (IPNMA) block copolymer( as a model for water- soluble polymer) and methanol at several temperatures were studied using fluorescence techniques , Fluorescence spectrum for (IPNMA) exhibits two emission bands at around 342 nm and 387 nm corresponding to the monomer and the excimer bands , respectively .The fluorescence spectra of dilute solution of (IPNMA) in methanol were recorded in temperature range of 8- 45?C . Plot of the excimer to monomer intensity ratio Ie/Im versus temperature was obtained, which shows double lines with positive slopes crossing at 25?C , the increasing of slope value above this temperature is s

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Water Resources
Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes in Major Drinking Water Sources of Baghdad City
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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering Science And Technology
Water quality modelling and management of diyala river and its impact on tigris river
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Publication Date
Tue Sep 08 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Turbid of Water By Using Fuzzy C- Means and Hard K- Means
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In this research two algorithms are applied, the first is Fuzzy C Means (FCM) algorithm and the second is hard K means (HKM) algorithm to know which of them is better than the others these two algorithms are applied on a set of data collected  from the Ministry of Planning on the water turbidity of five areas in Baghdad to know which of these areas are less turbid in clear water to see which months during the year are less turbid in clear water in the specified area.

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Water Crisis and Its Relation to Achieving Sustainable Agricultural Development in Iraq (The Real Causes and Proposed Solutions)
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The conservation of natural resources such as water is one of the areas that sustainable agriculture seeks to preserve, rationalize its use and protect it from pollution, because water is a specific factor for agriculture. Despite Iraq's possession of two international rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, which pour into the Shatt Al-Arab, it suffers from water shortages in recent times, As a result of several reasons combined, including water policies initiated by the riparian countries to reduce the quantities of water coming from the two rivers to Iraq, led by neighbor Turkey through the construction of dams and reservoirs and the establishment of irrigation projects, as well as climate changes from rising temperatures and lo

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