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Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding
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Abstract<sec> <title>Objectives

This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.

Materials and Methods

nHA and nACP were incorporated into a commercial SEP (Transbond™ plus) in 7% weight ratio and compared with the plain SEP as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS), enamel damage, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated at 24 h and post 5000 thermocycling. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to inspect the distribution of the nanoparticles in the experimental SEPs and evaluate the enamel surface integrity both before bracket bonding and post bracket debonding. Phase determination and remineralizing capability of the modified SEP were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.

Results

The addition of nHA or nACP to the SEP significantly reduced the SBS, ARI, and enamel damage (p < 0.05) as compared to the control SEP; however, only nHA-SEP survived the thermocycling protocol and yielded acceptable SBS (13.38 MPa). Enamel remineralizing ability of the developed nHA-SEP was confirmed by both FESEM images and Raman phosphate map.

Conclusions

Incorporating nHA into SEP resulted in clinically acceptable bond strengths with remineralizing ability.

Clinical relevance

The newly developed nHA-SEP has unprecedented ability to simultaneously etch, prime, and remineralize the enamel in a single step leaving immaculate enamel surface with the potential of saving cost and time at the post-debonding step.

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The role of tourism in economic growth-outlook for the role of tourism in Iraqi marshes development.
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The tourism activity is one of the pillars on which the economy of any country is based , the importance of the tourism sector is reflected in its potential to become an effective development alternative in many countries, especially Iraq ,this has a direct impact on the national economy as an important source in attracting hard currency and eliminating unemployment. Adding the Iraqi Marshlands to the list of effects makes it contribute to diversification of sources of income and stimulating rest of the economic sectors, the potentials and qualifications possessed by Iraq in the field of tourism and monuments have a significant impact on the state budget if they were exploited optimally. The research aims at identifying the contr

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 16 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Basic Education
Formation of self-assembled polymeric complexes with bridged azido-dicarboxylato ligands
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In this publication, several six coordinate bridged-polymeric metal complexes are reported. The reaction of 4,4`-dipyridine with ethyl chloroacetate in mole ratio of 1:2 gave the multidentate carboxylate ligand bis(N-carboxylatomethyl)-4,4`-dipyridinium). The reaction of the ligand with metal chloride and sodium azide resulted in the formation of the required polymeric complexes. Upon complex formation, the carboxylato ligand behaves as a neutral multidantate species. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed octahedral geometry about metal centres and complexes of the general formula [Cr2(L)(N3)4]Cl2.H2O, Na2[Ag2(L)(N3)4].H2O and [M2(L

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 16 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Self-control of kindergarten teachers and its relationship to some variables
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The aim of the current research is to identify the self-control of kindergarten teachers as well as to identify the significance of the differences according to a variable (years of service, academic achievement, specialization). Its final paragraphs consist of (35) paragraphs, and its psychometric properties were verified and the tool was applied to a sample of (400) teachers chosen randomly from kindergarten teachers affiliated to the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad, Rusafa, and Karkh for the academic year 2019-2020

In light of the objectives of the current research, the following results were reached

  1. The current research sample is from kindergarten teachers with self-contro
  2. There are diffe

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2012
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Arab Blogosphere and the Strategies of Self-Building and Diary
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Basically, media studies focused on the important role of the blogs in boosting the democratic process in the Arab States. Blogs also worked on creating an alternative media for the public that maintained freedom of expression. However, media studies ignored the status of the blogs in the social and cultural fields.
The current study tries to tackle the socio-cultural dimensions of the blogs by means of showing how the blogs construct the self. The researcher is going to conduct interviews with the bloggers. He will also carry out a semiotic analysis that may reveal the strategies used by the bloggers. Besides, he tries to identify the realistic and traditional frames in which the social relationships are buil

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 04 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The concept of physical, psychological and social self with the kindergartens
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The concept of self is considered one of the important dimensions in the human personality, because feeling of self is an important characteristic in this phase from the psychological point of view.

The first source which forms the concept of self is the physical image, where the built and appearance of the body is considered among the vital matters which determine the person's image of himself/herself. 

The current research aims to:

1) Identify the level of physical self concept at the kindergarten children.

2) Identify the level of psychological self concept at the kindergarten children.

3) Iden

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 24 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effectiveness of a Rational Emotional Behavioral Program in Developing Self-Efficacy to Reduce the Burnout among Teachers of Students with Autism Disorder
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The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of a rational, emotional, behavioral program in developing self-efficacy to reduce the level of Burnout in 20 teachers of students with autism disorder in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The proposed program included 12 training sessions. The researcher found that the proposed program has contributed significantly to the development of self-efficacy and reduce the level of Burnout for the targeted subject in this study.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 29 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Polygamy and its impact on academic achievement and self-confidence among a sample from Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University students
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The study aimed to recognize the impact of polygamy on academic achievement and self-confidence among Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University students. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the Descriptive Analytical method using The Self Confidence measurement ,that has been prepared for the purposes of this study, consists set of 29 questions, then applied to the students sample that emerges from polygamy and one- wife families, study sample consists of randomly selected 230 students registered for the year .1435-1436
The results of the study showed presence of medium statistical impact on the significance level (a 4 0.05), this proof significant statistical effect of polygamy on self-confidence among the sample of Prince Sat-tam Univ

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Open Engineering
Producing low-cost self-consolidation concrete using sustainable material
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Abstract<p>The disposal of the waste material is the main goal of this investigation by transformation to high-fineness powder and producing self-consolidation concrete (SCC) with less cost and more eco-friendly by reducing the cement weight, taking into consideration the fresh and strength properties. The reference mix design was prepared by adopting the European guide. Five waste materials (clay brick, ceramic, granite tiles, marble tiles, and thermostone blocks) were converted to high-fine particle size distribution and then used as 5, 10, and 15% weight replacements of cement. The improvement in strength properties is more significant when using clay bricks compared to other activated waste </p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 22 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Self Purification in Al-Saqlawiya Drain in Abu-Grebe
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Surface water flow samples were collected with distances downstream over Saqlawiya main drain whose stretch of about 24.5 km. The drain travels through different land use pattern, before, flowing into Tigris River. Eight sampling points were carefully
selected downstream the channel during dry season. The examined water parameters were pH, NH3, NO3, PO= 4, BOD5, COD, TDS, S.S, Cl-, SO= 4, Na+ , Ca+2, Mg+2, and Oil and Grease. Descriptive and inferential methods through finding the best curve fit correlation were employed in the study to test the strength of the association between water chemical characteristics and distance downstream the channel. A comparison of the values of chemical parameters at the Al-Saqlawiya Drain-Tigris Riv

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 04 2014
Journal Name
American Journal Of Pharmacological Sciences
Self Medication Practice among Iraqi Patients in Baghdad City
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The practice of self medication is continuously increasing worldwide due to its important roles in curing minor conditions or symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with self medication practice of Iraqi respondents residing in Baghdad City. This study was designed as cross sectional study in which data was collected via direct interviews with respondents using a previously prepared questionnaire. This study investigated 348 respondents from different age groups. The majority of respondents were male aged between 30-60 years, married with secondary or academic level of education and employed with accepted monthly income. The main reason for practicing self medication was previous experience with the same condi

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