The performance of a diesel engine was tested with diesel oil contaminated with glycol at the engineering workshop/Department of Agricultural Machines and Equipment / College of the Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad. To investigate the impact of different concentrations of glycol on the performance of a diesel engine, an experimental water-cooled four-stroke motor was utilized, with oil containing 0, 100, and 200 parts per million (ppm). Specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, friction power, and exhaust gas temperature were examined as performance indicators. To compare the significance of the treatments, the study employed a full randomization design (CRD), with three replicates for each treatment at the 5% probability level. Experiment results demonstrated significant variations in the characteristics under study. For example, the highest rates of Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/KW.h) (0.4459), frictional power (7.8837 kW), and exhaust gas temperature (173.6 0 C) were all observed at oil contamination levels of 200 ppm glycol. Meanwhile, the Brake thermal efficiency was the lowest of any measured system at only 17.5623%. Glycol oil pollution was shown to have a considerable effect on engine performance.
The main objective of this paper is to find the order and its exponent, the general form of all conjugacy classes, Artin characters table and Artin exponent for the group of lower unitriangular matrices L(3,? p ), where p is prime number.
Biaxial hollow slab is a reinforced concrete slab system with a grid of internal spherical voids included to reduce the self-weight. This paper presents an experimental study of behavior of one-way prestressed concrete bubbled slabs. Twelve full-scale one-way concrete slabs of (3000mm) length with rectangular cross-sectional area of (460mm) width and (150mm) depth. Different parameters like type of specimen (solid or bubbled slabs), type of reinforcement (normal or prestress), range of PPR and diameter of plastic spheres (100 or 120mm) are considered. Due to the using of prestressing force in bubbled slabs (with ratio of plastic sphere diameter D to slab thickness H, D/H=0.67), the specimens showed an increase in ultimat
... Show MoreThis research investigates the engagement of the Iraqi audience with ethnographic programs and their impact on knowledge enhancement and intellectual perspectives. A questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions was designed and administered to a purposive sample of 400 participants who exclusively follow ethnographic programs and documentary channels. The data were transcribed and subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software to ensure reliability and test hypotheses. The findings revealed that Al Jazeera Documentary Channel had the highest viewership percentage among respondents for ethnographic programs, while DW (Deutsche Welle) had the lowest viewership percentage. This suggests that Al Jazee
... Show MoreA huge potential from researchers was presented for enhancing the nonlinear optical response for materials that interacts by light. In this work, we study the nonlinear optical response for chemically prepared nano- fluid of silver nanoparticles in de-ionized water with TSC (Tri-sodium citrate) protecting agent. By the means of self-defocusing technique and under CW 473 nm blue laser, the reflected diffraction pattern were observed and recorded by CCD camera. The results demonstrate that, the Ag nano-fluid shows a good third order nonlinear response and the magnitude of the nonlinear refractive index was in the order of 10−7 cm2/W. We determine the maximum change of the nonlinear refractive index and the related phase shift for the mat
... Show MoreIn this paper, the characteristics of microstrip monopole antennas are studied firstly in free space. Secondly, the effects of the human body on the studied antenna's performance are investigated for wearable communications. Different patch shapes of microstrip monopole antenna are chosen to operate at two bands: industrial scientific and medical band (ISM) and ultra-wideband (UWB) for wearable applications. The studied antenna consists of a radiating element on one side of the substrate and a partial ground plane on the other side. The antenna is supposed to fabricate on cloth fabric whose relative dielectric constant is Ɛr =1.7. At the same time, the pure copper could be used as the conducting part representing both t
... Show MoreThe automatic liquid filling system is used in different applications such as production of detergents, liquid soaps, fruit juices, milk products, bottled water, etc. The automatic bottle filling system is highly expensive. Where, the common filling systems required to complex changes in hardware and software in order to modify volume of liquid. There are many important variables in the filling process such as volume of liquid, the filling time, etc. This paper presents a new approach to develop an automatic liquid filling system. The new proposed system consists of a conveyor subsystem, filling stations, and camera to detect the level of the liquid at any instant during the filling process. The camera can detect accurately the leve
... Show MoreThe structure, optical, and electrical properties of SnSe and its application as photovoltaic device has been reported widely. The reasons for interest in SnSe due to the magnificent optoelectronic properties with other encouraging properties. The most applications that in this area are PV devices and batteries. In this study tin selenide structure, optical properties and surface morphology were investigated and studies. Thin-film of SnSe were deposit on p-Si substrates to establish a junction as solar cells. Different annealing temperatures (as prepared, 125,200, 275) °C effects on SnSe thin films were investigated. The structure properties of SnSe was studied through X-ray diffraction, and the results appears the increasing of the peaks
... Show MoreSuccessive waves and generations of terrorists attacked the Iraqis in the years following the fall of the regime in Iraq in 2003, after the US invasion of the country under the pretext of weapons of mass destruction. Hence, the Iraqi people enrolled in ongoing war with these armed groups which led to massive casualties due to blasts and missile injuries.
Mechanism of blasts injury can be classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. While bullet injuries can be classified into low and high-energy injuries, the type and severity of the injury will influence the type of management, together with facilities available in
This research aims to identify the means and forms of interactive communication concerning Iraqi topics on the websites of global radio stations, namely Sawa and Monte Carlo. It also seeks to uncover the editorial and artistic interactions related to Iraqi topics on the selected websites chosen as the research sample, comparing them with the editorial interaction within the Iraqi context between the Radio Monte Carlo and Sawa websites.
The research yields several conclusions, including the following:
Iraqis focus their interaction with topics related to Iraq on Facebook for both Radio Monte Carlo and Sawa; Arabs show higher levels of interaction on Twitter with Radio Monte Carlo; Participants on the webs