A vascular necrosis (AVN) is defined as cellular death of bone components due to interruption of the blood supply; the bone structures then collapse, resulting in bone destruction, pain, and loss of joint function. AVN is associated with numerous conditions and usually involves the epiphysis of long bones, such as the femoral head. In clinical practice, AVN is most commonly encountered in the hip. Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can delay the need for joint replacement. However, most patients present late in the disease course. Without treatment, the process is almost always progressive, leading to joint destruction within 5 years. Treatment of a vascular necrosis depends mainly on early diagnosis which mainly based on clinical findings, x-ray finding & MRI.A variety of non-vascularized bone grafting techniques have been proposed with varying degrees of success as treatment alternatives for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The success of these procedures may be enhanced using ancillary growth and differentiation factors. Patients & Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 37 patients (44 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head between May 2007, and March 2011, divided into two groups. Group A include 17 patients (22 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head who had non vascularized bone grafting procedures done for them. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. We compared the outcomes in this cohort to similar hip number (22 hips) in 20 patients treated with core decompression only (group B). We used Phemister technique to make a window at the posterior aspect of greater trochanter to remove necrotic bone and packed the excavated area with autogenous cancellous bone graft taken from ipsilateral iliac crest or leave it without bone graft (decompression only). Results: We report the result of treatment for femoral head avascular necrosis depending on Ficat classification stage I, II, & III. The minimum follow up was 12 months (12m-36m).The success percentage of hips in our cohort of patients with non-vascularized bone grafting group A are 86% (19 of 22 hips), which is higher than group B 63% (14 of 22 hips) with core decompression alone. Conclusion: These procedures (core decompression and autogenous cancellous bone graft) effectively reduce donor site morbidity and may defer joint arthroplasty in selected patients & it is more effective than core decompression alone in treating early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis.
In this paper we use non-polynomial spline functions to develop numerical methods to approximate the solution of 2nd kind Volterra integral equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications of these method, and to compare the computed results with other known methods.
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Flexure members such as reinforced concrete (RC) simply supported beams subjected to two-point loading were analyzed numerically. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was employed for the treatment the non-smooth h behaviour such as discontinuities and singularities. This method is a powerful technique used for the analysis of the fracture process and crack propagation in concrete. Concrete is a heterogeneous material that consists of coarse aggregate, cement mortar and air voids distributed in the cement paste. Numerical modeling of concrete comprises a two-scale model, using mesoscale and macroscale numerical models. The effectiveness and validity of the Meso-Scale Approach (MSA) in modeling of the reinforced concrete beams w
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A non-polynomial spline (NPS) is an approximation method that relies on the triangular and polynomial parts, so the method has infinite derivatives of the triangular part of the NPS to compensate for the loss of smoothness inherited by the polynomial. In this paper, we propose polynomial-free linear and quadratic spline types to solve fuzzy Volterra integral equations (FVIE) of the 2nd kind with the weakly singular kernel (FVIEWSK) and Abel's type kernel. The linear type algorithm gives four parameters to form a linear spline. In comparison, the quadratic type algorithm gives five parameters to create a quadratic spline, which is more of a credit for the exact solution. These algorithms process kernel singularities with a simple techniqu
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In this research, the program SEEP / W was used to compute the value of seepage through the homogenous and non-homogeneous earth dam with known dimensions. The results show that the relationship between the seepage and water height in upstream of the dam to its length for saturated soil was nonlinear when the dam is homogenous. For the non-homogeneous dam, the relationship was linear and the amount of seepage increase with the height of water in upstream to its length. Also the quantity of seepage was calculated using the method of (Fredlund and Xing, 1994) and (Van Genuchten, 1980) when the soil is saturated – unsaturated, the results referred to that the higher value of seepage when the soil is saturated and the lowe
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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a synthetic fluor-surfactant chemical used widely in products that resist oil, heat, grease, stains, and water. It is also used in producing other fluoropolymers. The main sources of exposure to PFOA are water, soil, and animal-origin food (meat, fish, and dairy products). The aim of this study to evaluate the renal function following oral gavage of sub-lethal dose of PFOA in diabetic and non-diabetic guinea pigs. The experiment run for 4 weeks, total of 40 male guinea pigs, (Cavia porcellus), were randomly selected and grouped into four equal groups. The first group (G1) served as the negative control; 2nd group (G2) alloxan induced diabetic, 3rd group (G3) non-diabeti
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Thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) play an important role in growth, development, and physiology of the kidney. The kidney has a central role in metabolism and clearance of these hormones as well as thyroid – stimulating hormone (TSH). Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a state of irreversible deceleration in renal function results in alterations in internal milieu, which affects the synthesis and secretory rate of hormones. To evaluate the thyroid hormone levels in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF); 24 patients with CRF aged 30-70 years, mean±S.d. (48.458 ± 13.569) and 48 healthy volunteers who served as controls aged 30-70 years (43.104 ± 12.387) were studied for their thyroid function status u
... Show MoreThe research mainly seeks to predict the amounts of non- oil Iraqi exports which concludes ) Food & Animals , Raw materials and non- tanned Leather and fur , Mineral fuels and Lubricating Oil , Chemical substances and amounts , Manufactured goods , Electrical and non - electrical machines , Supplies and Total non- Oil exports ) by using Markov Chain as one of Statistical approach to forecasting in future . In this search We estimate the transliteration probabilities matrix according to Maximum Likelihood on a data collected from central organization for Statistics and information technology represents an index numbers of non- Oil exports amount in Iraq from 2004 to 2015 depending on 2007 as a basic year . Results shown that trend of index
... Show MoreThe theoretical analysis depends on the Classical Laminated Plate Theory (CLPT) that is based on the Von-K ráman Theory and Kirchhov Hypothesis in the deflection analysis during elastic limit as well as the Hooke's laws of calculation the stresses. New function for boundary condition is used to solve the forth degree of differential equations which depends on variety sources of advanced engineering mathematics. The behavior of composite laminated plates, symmetric and anti-symmetric of cross-ply angle, under out-of-plane loads (uniform distributed loads) with two different boundary conditions are investigated to obtain the central deflection for mid-plane by using the Ritz method. The computer programs is built using Ma
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