The launch of the EU’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 intended to signal a new, elevated level of EU engagement with its Eastern neighborhood. Yet there remain several long-simmering and potentially destabilizing conflicts in the region, with which EU engagement thus far has been sporadic at best. The Union’s use of its Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) in the region and to help solve these disputes has been particularly ad hoc and inconsistent, wracked by inter-institutional incoherence and undermined by Member States’ inability to agree on a broad strategic vision for engagement with the area.

The three CSDP missions deployed to the region thus far have all suffered from this incoherence to various extents. In particu

The objective of this research is to develop a method for applying financial derivatives in the local environment to reduce the risk of foreign exchange rate fluctuations to enhance quality of accounting profits through Financial reporting to local units In accordance with international financial reporting standards, To accomplish this objective was selected a sample of Iraqi units exposed to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency rates, As the research found:

• many companies and banks in the local environment a lot of losses due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.
• that financial derivatives in the Iraqi environment represent

Global virtual teams (GVTs) are a recent organizational adaptation created to meet the needs of globalizatized marketplace. GVTs are essentially teams that are distributed across national boundaries and concerned through advanced information and communication technology (ICT) such as email, instant messaging, and video conferencing. The research on GVTs is important in the information system (IS) field because GVTs are dependent on information communication technology and the use of other technologies; GVTs also consists of people from different cultures. This paper tried to answer two research questions. The first one is: what are the GVTs problems facing the project manager (PM). A literature review was conducted to answer the fir

This paper proposes a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called the fine-tuning meta-heuristic algorithm (FTMA) for solving global optimization problems. In this algorithm, the solutions are fine-tuned using the fundamental steps in meta-heuristic optimization, namely, exploration, exploitation, and randomization, in such a way that if one step improves the solution, then it is unnecessary to execute the remaining steps. The performance of the proposed FTMA has been compared with that of five other optimization algorithms over ten benchmark test functions. Nine of them are well-known and already exist in the literature, while the tenth one is proposed by the authors and introduced in this article. One test trial was shown t

Multimedia is one of the most important elements of modern educational media and must be used in educational websites in order to disseminate knowledge on a large scale and should be used to provide scientific information to all, as the current research tried to explore the possibilities of employing them in the design of educational websites and highlight their role in promoting the scientific aspects of the user. This study included four axes, the first of which was devoted to the introduction which includes the problem of research, its importance, objectives and its objective, temporal and spatial limitations, which were limited to the study of the main pages of Arabic educational websites published in 2019.  The second axis cont

The aim of the research is to identify the role of public relations in promoting tourism by the Palestinian tourism and travel companies in Gaza from the public relations officer’s point of view in those companies.
The researcher used the descriptive analytical method as the most appropriate for such studies and implemented the questionnaire as a tool to obtain the required data from the respondents.
The Researcher reached several conclusions:
1- There is a low percentage of women working in the field of public relations in Palestinian tourism establishments in the Gaza Strip, where the percentage did not exceed 5%.
2- The interpersonal communication counted as one of the elements of integra

This research aims to clarify the role of Information Technology Competency (ITC) with dimensions' (IT Usage, IT Knowledge, and IT Operations) as an independent variable in the activation of Human Resources Management Practices (HRM Practices) as a dependent variable with dimensions' (Training and Development, Recruitment, Job Design, and Performance appraisal). Based on this, the correlation and effect relationships between the independent and dependent variables are determined by formulating two main hypotheses. There are a significant relationship and effect of IT competency with HRM practices within the dimensions. Furthermore, the scope and population of this research are the Informatics and Communications P

This paper discusses the role of Auditors' Technological Maturity in reinforcing the quality of auditing profession, through focusing on the concepts of Technological Maturity and quality of auditing profession, as well as designing a proposed model for Technological Maturity which includes five evolutionary and sequential stages, and this proposed model would contribute to reinforce the quality of auditing. This proposed model will be employed in the field of auditing profession because the importance of the development and investment in this profession and the importance of the need for specialized knowledge in Information Technology, and the result of a proposed model is development of technological knowledge for the auditor to reach

The current research aims to focus on strategic vigilance dimensions and contained (environmental vigilance, technological vigilance, competitive vigilance, vigilance marketing) to improve nursing services, which include a) the quality, timeliness, problem-solving and decision-making, relationships with others, leadership skills) and measure the degree link and influence between strategic vigilance in the hospital respondent and improve nursing service that the problem of the research lies in the weakness of strategic plans and health organizations in general and the hospital surveyed (martyr Ghazi al-Hariri), in particular, the lack of awareness of the hospital researched strategy vigilant management to improve nursing services,

The study aims to build a model that enhances trust-building for public and private banks to compare and determine the significant differences between public and private banks, by testing the impact of governance mechanisms (transparency, accountability, justice, independence, and social responsibility) (Agere, 2000) on trust-building strategies (trust and trust building, people management, work relations, training and development, leadership practices, and communications) (Ngalo, 2011; Stone et al., 2005), to indicate the level of employees’ awareness of the theoretical contents of the two variables and their importance to banking work, with the aim of improving performance. The main question is the role of governance mechanisms