Digital tampering identification, which detects picture modification, is a significant area of image analysis studies. This area has grown with time with exceptional precision employing machine learning and deep learning-based strategies during the last five years. Synthesis and reinforcement-based learning techniques must now evolve to keep with the research. However, before doing any experimentation, a scientist must first comprehend the current state of the art in that domain. Diverse paths, associated outcomes, and analysis lay the groundwork for successful experimentation and superior results. Before starting with experiments, universal image forensics approaches must be thoroughly researched. As a result, this review of variou

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Because of the quick growth of electrical instruments used in noxious gas detection, the importance of gas sensors has increased. X-ray diffraction (XRD) can be used to examine the crystal phase structure of sensing materials, which affects the properties of gas sensing. This contributes to the study of the effect of electrochemical synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) materials with various crystal phase shapes, such as rutile TiO₂ (R-TiO₂NTs) and anatase TiO₂ (A-TiO₂NTs). In this work, we have studied the effect of voltage on preparing TiO₂ nanotube arrays via the anodization technique for gas sensor applications. The results acquired from XRD, energy dispersion spectro

In this paper a refractive index sensor based on micro-structured optical fiber has been proposed using Finite Element Method (FEM). The designed fiber has a hexagonal cladding structure with six air holes rings running around its solid core.  The air holes of fiber has been infiltrated  with different liquids such as water , ethanol, methanol, and toluene then sensor characteristics like ; effective refractive index , confinement loss, beam profile of the fundamental mode, and sensor resolution are investigated by employing the FEM. This designed sensor characterized by its low confinement loss and high resolution so a small change in the analyte refractive index could be detect which is could be useful to detect the change of

This paper include the problem of segmenting an image into regions represent (objects), segment this object by define boundary between two regions using a connected component labeling. Then develop an efficient segmentation algorithm based on this method, to apply the algorithm to image segmentation using different kinds of images, this algorithm consist four steps at the first step convert the image gray level the are applied on the image, these images then in the second step convert to binary image, edge detection using Canny edge detection in third Are applie the final step is images. Best segmentation rates are (90%) obtained when using the developed algorithm compared with (77%) which are obtained using (ccl) before enhancement.

In this paper a modified approach have been used to find the approximate solution of ordinary delay differential equations with constant delay using the collocation method based on Bernstien polynomials.

     In the task of detecting intrinsic plagiarism, the cases where reference corpus is absent are to be dealt with. This task is entirely based on inconsistencies within a given document. Detection of internal plagiarism has been considered as a classification problem. It can be estimated through taking into consideration self-based information from a given document.

The core contribution of the work proposed in this paper is associated with the document representation. Wherein, the document, also, the disjoint segments generated from it, have been represented as weight vectors demonstrating their main content. Where, for each element in these vectors, its average weight has been considered instead of its frequency.

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<span>Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack is bluster to network security that purpose at exhausted the networks with malicious traffic. Although several techniques have been designed for DDoS attack detection, intrusion detection system (IDS) It has a great role in protecting the network system and has the ability to collect and analyze data from various network sources to discover any unauthorized access. The goal of IDS is to detect malicious traffic and defend the system against any fraudulent activity or illegal traffic. Therefore, IDS monitors outgoing and incoming network traffic. This paper contains a based intrusion detection system for DDoS attack, and has the ability to detect the attack intelligently, dynami

Mammography is at present one of the available method for early detection of masses or abnormalities which is related to breast cancer. The most common abnormalities that may indicate breast cancer are masses and calcifications. The challenge lies in early and accurate detection to overcome the development of breast cancer that affects more and more women throughout the world. Breast cancer is diagnosed at advanced stages with the help of the digital mammogram images. Masses appear in a mammogram as fine, granular clusters, which are often difficult to identify in a raw mammogram. The incidence of breast cancer in women has increased significantly in recent years.
This paper proposes a computer aided diagnostic system for the extracti