A simple setup of random number generator is proposed. The random number generation is based on the shot-noise fluctuations in a p-i-n photodiode. These fluctuations that are defined as shot noise are based on a stationary random process whose statistical properties reflect Poisson statistics associated with photon streams. It has its origin in the quantum nature of light and it is related to vacuum fluctuations. Two photodiodes were used and their shot noise fluctuations were subtracted. The difference was applied to a comparator to obtain the random sequence.

ABSTRACT Background: Generally, the facial esthetics depends on the esthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth. The purposes of this study were to analyse the macro-aesthetic appearance of the face and the micro-aesthetic appearance of the maxillary anterior teeth to establish the normative values for class I normal occlusion and to detect possible gender differences. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 120 Iraqi adults (60 males and 60 females) aged (18-23) years. Each individual was clinically examined, then with cephalostat based head position, extraoral and intraoral photographs were taken for each subject. The facial and dental measurements were measured using AutoCad program 2014. Descriptive statistics was obtaine

The objective of this study is to examine the properties of Bayes estimators of the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution (PFD-I), by using two different prior distributions for the parameter θ and different loss functions that were compared with the maximum likelihood estimators. In many practical applications, we may have two different prior information about the prior distribution for the shape parameter of the Power Function Distribution, which influences the parameter estimation. So, we used two different kinds of conjugate priors of shape parameter θ of the <

Background: Mini implant stability is primarily related to local bone density; no studies have evaluated bone density related to mini implant placement for orthodontic anchorage between different age groups in the maxilla and the mandible. The present research aims to evaluate side, gender, age, and regional differences in bone density of the alveolar bone at various orthodontic implant sites. Materials and method: Fifty three individuals who were divided into two groups according to their age into: group I (ages 16-20 years) and group II (ages 21-29 years) had subjected to clinical examination, then 64-multislice computed tomography scan data were evaluated and bone density was measured in Hounsfield unit at 102 points (51 in the maxilla

Two field experiments were conducted during the spring seasons of 2000,2001.The aim was to study the effect of hardening to drought tolerance on moisture percentage in root and stem of sunflower plant during growth stages . Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available soil water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control(unsoaked),soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water

المستخلص
، ( اب ( ١٩٢٢ ô یدتھ ارض الیب ô ي قص ô وت ،ف ô زي الی ô اعر الانجلی ô یھدف ھذا البحث الى بیان مدى تأكید الش
ن ô ة م ô ان والطبیع ô ین الانس ô ت ب ô ا ربط ô ي لطالم ô ة ،الت ô على الحاجة الملحة للانسان الحدیث لاسترجاع الصلة الحمیم
ة ô ي بمثاب ô ة ھ ô ان الثلاث ô ذه الارك ô ین ھ ô ة ب ô ة الموثق ô ذه العلاق ô رى .ان ھ ô ة اخ ô ن جھ ô جھة ، وبین الانسان والاسطورة م
ات ô ي الثقاف ô ة ف ô وس الدینی ô وبة والطق ô اطیر الخ

لغرض تقصي وضع الطفولة في العراق كان لابد من إستعمال أدوات وأساليب إحصائية تعنى بتفسير العلاقات السببية وإتجاه تأثيراتها مع إستعمال أسلوب تصنيف للمؤثرات (المتغيرات) المهمة لرسم صورة أوضح للظاهر قيد الدراسة بحيث تكون مفيدة من خلال إستثمارها وتحديثها وتطويرها في الدراسات السكانية المستقبلية. ولذا تم استعمال أسلوبين من الأدوات الإحصائية في مجال تحليل البيانات متعدد المتغيرات وهو التحليل العنقودي والتحلي