Abstract. Geographical and remote sensing, which gave a picture of the change in the area of agricultural land in the study area for selected years (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020). In particular and Iraq in general, as this led to a reduction in the areas of agricultural lands and in return an increase in arid lands and their desertifica- tion and the loss of their productive value, which as a result leads to the migration of the population, the change of land sex, the failure to achieve food security and dependence on the import of the food basket.

Local communities are in need of self-resources so that they can perform their multiple functions which serve the objectives of the local development, and tax revenues are considered as important sources of their funding. However, despite the efforts of the state to reform the fiscal system and to improve the management in the local administration, tax collection can increase when the state adopts a more effective policy to combat tax evasion and tax fraud. Accordingly, this research aims to shed light on the role of local tax revenues in the local development. A set of conclusions are drawn; the most important one is that Algeria, in order to achieve local development, has taken a set of reforms, which are still valid until now. The mos

Abstract:

The models of time series often suffer from the problem of the existence of outliers ​​that accompany the data collection process for many reasons, their existence may have a significant impact on the estimation of the parameters of the studied model. Access to highly efficient estimators  is one of the most important stages of statistical analysis, And it is therefore important to choose the appropriate methods to obtain good  estimators. The aim of this research is to compare the ordinary estimators and the robust estimators of the estimation of the parameters of

يعد ابن هشام الأنصاري من أبرز علماء النحو فهو ذو قدرة فائقة في ميدان اللغة بصورة عامة والنحو بصورة خاصة، إذ برزت آراءه الجريئة في النحو العربي في مصنفاته، وشكل الاحتكام إلى مفهوم النادر في مصنفاته النحوية حكمًا ظاهرًا بارزًا يشمل كل ما خرج من حَدِّ الكثرة إلى حَدِّ القلّة إمَّا بسبب مخالفته للقياس أو موافقته إيَّاه إلّا أنَّ العرب لم تستعمله وقد اقتضت طبيعة البحث أن تسلط الضوء على أبرز الموضوعات التي وحد

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This research work involves the preparation of nano activated carbonand macro activated carbon from corn seeds with a various mixing ratio ofpotassium hydroxide (1:0, 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8 and 1:1) % using thermaland micro radiation carbonization to identify the best mixing ratio. At studyto confirmed that the efficiency and effectiveness of the prepared of activatedcarbon samples increase when ratio potassium hydroxide increase with athermal and micro radiation carbonization was used. The study of samplesexternal surface area was performed via studying the adsorption of methyleneblue from their aqueous solution, also measured the internal surface area wasperformed via studying the adsorption of iodine from their aqueous solution.Measu

الأخطاء الصوتية الشائعة لدى طلبة معاهد اعداد المعلمين والمعلمات من غير الناطقين باللغة الكردية

الوصف New complexes of Cu (ll), Ni (II)„Co (II), and Zn (ll) with 2-amino-5-p-Flouro Phenyl 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole have been synthesized. The products were isolated, studied and characterized by physical measurements, ie,(FT-IR)„UV-Vis and the melting points were determined. The new Schiff base (L) has been used to prepare some complexes. The prepared complexes were identified and their structural geometry were suggested

تلخصــت مقدمة البحث بأن إتباع نتائج التحليل الحركي وتطبيقها بشكل عملي في التدريب يؤدي إلى تحسين الأداء البشري وبناء فلسفة خاصة بتطوير النواحي الكينماتيكية قائمه على تقييم الأداء ميكانيكا، مما يساعد في التعرف على نواحي القوة والضعف والعمل على تطويرها عن طريق تحقيق الشروط الكينماتيكية السليمة، هذا النوع من التصويب وهو التصويب من القفز اماما يتطلب جهد بدني واضح من قبل اللاعبين اثناء المنافسة وان إتقان ھذ