The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of malachite green (MG) combined with 650nm diode laser to kill Candida albicans and to spectrally study the MG photodegradation after photodynamic therapy (PDT) spectrally. Cultures of Candida albicans were exposed to 40mW, 650 nm diode laser in the absence of MG. In PDT group, the MG was added to the Candida suspension for 5 min then exposed to diode laser for (5, 10, 15, 20) min at power density of 0.59W/cm2. The absorption spectrum of the photosensitized fungal suspension was obtained. The data were submitted to T-test (p<0.05). A 650nm diode laser in the presence of MG reduced the number of CFU/ml in 98.4%. Laser with 650nm alone and MG alone did not reduce significantly the num

This research presents a study in ultra-desulfurization of diesel fuel produced from conventional hydro desulfurization process, using oxidation and solvent extraction techniques. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was the organosulfur compound that had been detected in sulfur removal. The oxidation process used hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetic acid as homogeneous catalyst . The solvent extraction process used acetonitrile (ACN) and N-methyl – 2 - pyrrolidone (NMP) as  extractants . Also the effect of five parameters (stirring speed :150 , 250 , 350 , and 450) rpm, temperature (30 , 40 , 45 , and 50) ^oC, oxidant/simulated diesel fuel ratio (0.5 , 0.75 , 1 , and 1.5) , catalyst/oxidant ratio(0.125,0.25,0.5

    The natural  polyphenolic  compound that cinnamon contains is well known for its various biological activities, a broad variety of pharmacological and therapeutic properties.  Diversified biomedical and pharmacological applications benefit from organic nanoparticles with controlled properties. Bioactive and non-toxic, cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) can be effective antibacterial agents. Driven by this idea, we prepared spherical CNPs using liquid (PLAL) pulse laser ablation technique and defined those NPs. Using Q-switched Nd : YAG With a wavelength of 1064 nm  pulse laser of constant energy 500 mj , And different laser pulses ( 250 , 500 , 750 , 1000 ) pulse /sec a pure cinnamon target submerged in

The toxic lead additives to gasoline are no longer used in many countries around the world. Many other countries are now phasing out the lead in gasoline. Although the lead fuel is still in use in Iraq, several plans are considered to phase out the lead. The use of organic compounds to replace the lead additives in gasoline is considered now as an option in Iraqi refineries. The main objective of this project was preparation of premium gasoline, by blending of gasoline with Alternative additives (alcohol, aromatic) to enhancing octane number of Al-Doura gasoline pool. Improved gasoline was tested by ASTM standard method which includes octane number measuring by CFR engine analyzer. Gasoline pool RON (80) was used and selective components

In this research we prepared nanofibers by electrospinning from
poly (Vinyl Alcohol) /TiO2. The spectrum of the solution (Emission)
was studied and found to be at 772 nm, several process parameters
were such as concentration of TiO2 , and the effect of distance from
nozzle tip to the grounded collector (gap distance). The result of the
lower concentration of, the smaller the diameter of nanofiber is.
Increasing the gap distance will affect nanofibers diameter

The effect of operating parameters on the batch scale separation of hydrocarbon mixture (benzene and hexane) using
emulsion liquid membrane technique is reported. Sparkleen detergent was used as surfactant and heavy mineral oil as
solvent to receive the permeates.
From the experimental results, the parameters that influenced the permeation are, composition of feed, contact time
with solvent, ratio of volume of solvent to volume of hydrocarbon feed, ratio of volume of surfactant solution to volume
of hydrocarbon feed, surfactant concentration, mixing intensity and glycerol as polar additive in the surfactant solution
to eliminate drop breakup.
The best conditions for the separation in this study were found to be: comp

The present work aims to study the possibility of utilization a forward osmosis desalination process as an alternative method to extract water from brine solution rejected from reverse osmosis process.
Experiments conducted in a laboratory–scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell yielded water flux ranging from (0.0315 to 0.56 L/m2 .min) when using CTA membrane,and ranging from (0.419 to 2.785 L/m2 .min) for PA membrane under 0.4 bar. Two possible membrane orientations were tested. Sodium chloride with high concentrations was used as draw solution solute. The effect of membrane orientation on internal concentration polarization (ICP) was studied. Two regimes of ICP; dilutive and concentrative were desc

Activated carbon was Produced from coconut shell and was used for removing sulfate from industrial waste water in batch Processes. The influence of various parameter were studied such as pH (4.5 – 9.) , agitation time (0 – 120)min and adsorbent dose (2 – 10) gm.

The Langmuir and frandlich adsorption capacity models were been investigated where showed there are fitting with langmmuir model with squre regression value ( 0.76). The percent of removal of  sulfate (22% - 38%) at (PH=7) in the isotherm experiment increased  with adsorbent mass increasing. The maximum removal value of sulfate at  different pH experiments is (43%) at pH=7.

ِabstract:In this research we prepared nanofibers by electrospinning from poly (Vinyl Alcohol) /TiO2. The spectrum of the solution (Emission) was studied and found to be at 772 nm, several process parameters were such as concentration of TiO2 , and the effect of distance from nozzle tip to the grounded collector (gap distance). The result of the lower concentration of, the smaller the diameter of nanofiber is. Increasing the gap distance will affect nanofibers diameter.

This work describes two efficient and useful methods for solving fractional pantograph delay equations (FPDEs) with initial and boundary conditions. These two methods depend mainly on orthogonal polynomials, which are the method of the operational matrix of fractional derivative that depends on Bernstein polynomials and the operational matrix of the fractional derivative with Shifted Legendre polynomials. The basic procedure of this method is to convert the pantograph delay equation to a system of linear equations and by using, the operational matrices we get rid of the integration and differentiation operations, which makes solving the problem easier. The concept of Caputo has been used to describe fractional derivatives. Finally, some