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Unravelling the genetic diversity and population structure of common walnut in the Iranian Plateau
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Abstract<sec> <title>Background

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) has a long cultivation history, given its highly valuable wood and rich nutritious nuts. The Iranian Plateau has been considered as one of the last glaciation refugia and a centre of origin and domestication for the common walnut. However, a prerequisite to conserve or utilize the genetic resources of J. regia in the plateau is a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity that is conspicuously lacking. In this regard, we used 31 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to delineate the genetic variation and population structure of 508 J. regia individuals among 27 populations from the Iranian Plateau.

Results

The SSR markers expressed a high level of genetic diversity (HO = 0.438, and HE = 0.437). Genetic differentiation among the populations was moderate (FST = 0.124), and genetic variation within the populations (79%) significantly surpassed among populations (21%). The gene flow (Nm = 1.840) may have remarkably influenced the population genetic structure of J. regia, which can be attributed to anthropological activities and wind dispersal of pollen. The STRUCTURE analysis divided the 27 populations into two main clusters. Comparing the neighbor-joining and principal coordinate analysis dendrograms and the Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis revealed the general agreement between the population subdivisions and the genetic relationships among the populations. However, a few geographically close populations dispersed into different clusters. Further, the low genetic diversity of the Sulaymaniyah (SMR) population of Iraq necessitates urgent conservation by propagation and seedling management or tissue culture methods; additionally, we recommend the indispensable preservation of the Gonabad (RGR) and Arak (AKR) populations in Iran.

Conclusions

These results reflected consistent high geographical affinity of the accession across the plateau. Our findings suggest that gene flow is a driving factor influencing the genetic structure of J. regia populations, whereas ecological and geological variables did not act as strong barriers. Moreover, the data reported herein provide new insights into the population structure of J. regia germplasm, which will help conserve genetic resources for the future, hence improving walnut breeding programs’ efficiency.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2018
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The semantics of words in the Holy Quran
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The lexical connotation is one of the types of connotation that linguists have dealt with, and stipulated in their studies, meaning access to the real meanings of the words, that the lexicon can address after tracing the real meaning of the metaphorical meanings, if any, and this is known to the semantics additional significance, and the rhetorical meaning Figuratively.
The miraculous Qur'an in its systems often refers to the metaphorical uses of the words as well as the real use. The significance of the words in the Holy Qur'an came in a variety of contexts, making each word a special significance that belongs to it exclusively. This is the miracle of the Holy Qur'an. The coming of the slow walk, with its eight words (came, came, cam

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Research And Islamic Studies Journal
The artistic in the poetry of Kazem Jawad
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the researchers pointed that the poet relied on several means in the form of poetic images, including analogy, and the metaphor with its various elements, The chromatic component has also been used in the formation of its poetic image,and resorted to the correspondence of the senses and the symbol of two types:Self-code, public code : And we find a variety of symbolic stems from different sources, from these symbols, what is religious, including what is historical and what is legendary, and such symbols, which resorted to the rare places of his poems confined to the myths contained in the Bible, His use of the general symbols was ineffective in the poetic picture, relying on the metaphor and metaphor.

Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Al-adab Journal
Translation of the Anthropomorphic Expressions in the Qur’an
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Publication Date
Sun May 08 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
the reality of the transportation network in Iraq
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Transportation network could be considered as a function of the developmental level of the Iraq, that it is representing the sensitive nerve of the economic activity and the corner stone for the implementation of development plans and developing the spatial structure.
The main theme of this search is to show the characteristics of the regional transportation network in Iraq and to determine the most important effective spatial characteristics and the dimension of that effect negatively or positively. Further this search tries to draw an imagination for the connection between network as a spatial phenomenon and the surrounded natural and human variables within the spatial structure. This search aiming also to determine the nat

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The provisions of the autistic in criminal penalties
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  Thankfully Thank meets the grace and pushes us Blaneh and a curse, peace and blessings be upon the Prophet after him, and his family and companions, and after:

    This research deals with the subject of the provisions of the autistic in criminal penalties, one of the important issues, especially after the spread in abundance in our contemporary society, as the patient is characterized by autism in most of spaces of isolation and depression and aggressive behavior, and in some cases try autistic to commit suicide as a result of going through the psychological pressure , was this research to clarify what follows autistic criminal penalties as a result of the capital crime of self or without them, and the stat

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 31 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Terrorist Project in Terms of the Agreement
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Terrorist crime is considered a serious act that outweighs all other crimes in terms of impact and result, because it has a wide range on societies, and it also contains a great thing of danger represented in its purpose, and here describing terrorism as a crime is a description that does not give the full right to this behavior or that it It abbreviates it and does not show its actual reality, given that terrorism contains several different crimes and the roles of its contributors, and these roles are necessary to reach the result or the end. In which each episode is complementary to the other, it is not a single act, but rather several joint and complex actions that in turn all lead to the result, and the agreement in the terrorist pro

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 19 2018
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Effectiveness of the Movement in Graphic Design
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The movement is considered one of the important factors which attracts the receiver attention in designing artificial works in general, and especially in the advertisements, moreover the subject of the movement in the designing advertisements needs more care and study by the scholars. From this importance and from reaching to the basic streams of the research topic (the effect of the movement in the graphic design) the problem of the research has been set according to the following wonder:

  • What is the designing process that establishes the movement in the commercial advertisements designs?

           

      The researche

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Crossref
Publication Date
Tue Jun 30 2015
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Legislative miracle in the light of the light
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After the use of trust in God, and after the completion of my research called (the legislative miracle in the light of Surat), which studies the miracle in general and then unique legislative miracle, which was the largest share of the research where I built my research on several topics dealt with in the first topic: definition of miracles language and terminology and address Also discussed the Quran and the challenge and miracles and the status of the Arabs in the eloquence and eloquence, and then the literature in the miracle and dealt with legislation based on the foundations of individual education, family building, community building, and the most important advantages of Islamic legislation and presented some examples of legislativ

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 12 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Role of Integration Between The Target Costing and Resource Consumption Accounting Techniques in Reducing Costs and Supporting Competitive Advantage - Analytical Study of The Opinions of a Sample of Employees of The Babylon Cement Factory.
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Abstract

The purpose of this research is to develop a proposed framework for achieving the Integration of the Target Cost and Resource Consumption Accounting Techniques and to show the role they play in reducing products costs and supporting the competitive advantage to cope with contemporary changes. To achieve this goal, the researchers followed the analytical method using the statistical questionnaire as a means of collecting data from the research sample include accounting, administrative, technical, engineering staffs and others. The research sample consists of (56) individuals and for the purpose of conducting statistical analysis of the data and testing hypotheses, the statistical program (SPSS) wa

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Crossref (2)
Crossref
Publication Date
Sat Jun 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Intellectual as an Alien: A Study of Henry James's The Beast in the Jungle and James Joyce's "A Painful Case"
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This research paper studies the alienation of the intellectuals in the modern novel through the study of two alienated characters, John Marcher in Henry James's The Beast in the Jungle, and Mr. Duffy in James's Joyce's "A Painful Case." As a result of the complexity of life in the industrial societies, the individuals, especially the intellectual ones, feel themselves unable to integrate into social life; they fear society and feel that it endangers their individuality and independence. Thus, these characters live on the fringe of the societ

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