From 50 stool samples collected from children with diarrhea of both sexes who visited various hospitals in Baghdad, 26 isolates of E.coli were found to belong to the phylogenetic group E. The findings revealed that the percentage of E.coli for thephylogenetic group E is (52%) , making it the dominant group among the other phylogenetic groups. The findings demonstrated that 100% of the E.coli isolates from phylogenetic group E are resistant to penicillin, and only 15% are resistant to imipenem. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 15%, while XDR reached 85%. The results of thephylogenetic group for the remaining species of isolates in this study were group A (2/50 and by 4%), gr

Beta-lactamase was purified from local isolate Klebsiella pneumonia by several steps included precipitation with ammonium sulphate at 20-40% saturation, DEAE- ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 column. The obtained purification fold and recovery were 32.66; 47.04% respectively. The characterization of the purified beta-lactamase showed that the molecular weight was about 4000 daltons as determined by gel filtration.Purified enzyme had an optimal pH of 7 for activity and an optimal stability between pH 6.5-7.5, results shows that the optimal temperature appear to be 35 ? C .During storage the enzyme retained 72% at -20 ? C and retained 25% of the activity at the same period at 4 ? C.

Biofilms formation by pathogens microbial Control considered important in medical research because it is the hazarded virulence factor leading to becoming difficult to treat because of its high resistance to antimicrobials. Glycopeptide antibiotic a (Vancomycin) and the commercial bacteriocin (Nisin A) were used to comparative with purification bacteriocin (MRSAcin) against MRSA biofilm. One hundred food samples were collected from Baghdad markets from July 2016 to September 2016, including (cheese, yogurt, raw milk, fried meat, grilled meat, and beef burger). All samples were cultures; S. aureus was confirmation by macroscopic culture and microscopic examination, in addition to biochemical tests. Methicillin resistance S. asureus (

     In this study, gamma ray transmission method have been used to determine the total porosity in four samples: pure Alumina  ( Al₂O₃   ),  Al₂O₃ + (0.2wt%)MgO ,  Al₂O₃ + (0.6wt% )Y₂O₃  and Al₂O₃+ (8wt% ) ZrO₂ .

      The experimental setup for the gamma ray transmission consist of ¹³⁷Cs gamma source ( 662 KeV  ), a  NaI (Tl) scintillation detector measured the attenuation of strongly collimated  gamma beam through alumina samples.

The porosity obtained by the gamma ray transmission method were compare

In this study, the amounts of activity concentrations of naturally occurring in 10 soil samples of the Tigris river and surrounding areas collected from deferent city of Baghdad have been investigated. Tigris river is an important water source for irrigation and drinking in Iraq. This study was done during 2018 in Protection Center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health and Environment using a high purity germanium detector. The resolution of (HPGe) at 2keV and 30% efficiency. The results of soil sample obtained showed that the effective activity concentration of 40K are ranged from 181.4 Bq/kg in sample S6 to 286.4 Bq/kg in S7. For Raeq values are ranged from 6 Bq/m3 in sample S5 to 17 Bq/m3 in sample S3. The obtained data revealed that the me

Summary The aim of this study is the evaluation the resistance of S. marcescence obtained from soil and water to metals chlorides (Zn+2, Hg+2, Fe+2, Al+3, and Pb+2). Four isolates, identified as Serratia marcescence and S. marcescena (S4) were selected for this study according to their resistance to five heavy metals. The ability of S. marcescena (S4) to grow in different concentrations of metals chloride (200-1200 µg/ml) was tested, the highest concentration that S. marcescence (S4) tolerate was 1000 µg/ml for Zn+2, Hg+2, Fe+2, AL+3, pb+2 and 300 µg/ml for Hg+2 through 24 hrs incubation at 37 Co. The effects of temperature and pH on bacteria growth during 72 hrs were also studied. S. marcescence (S4) was affected by ZnCl2, PbCl2, FeC12

     The environment in Mosul city is very rich, containing a wide variety of microorganisms which have not been recognised for a long time. Five new fungal genes were identified and registered for the first time in the gene bank. These included Fusarium falciforme 2020-06-MIK-F1 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC555741, Nectriaceae sp. 2020-06-MIK-F2 genes for ITS1 with Accession no. LC555742, Trichoderma asperellum MIK3 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575020, Penecillum sp. MIK4 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575021, and Neurospora crassa MIK5 genes for 5.8S rRNA with Accession no. LC575022.   These fungal genes were isolated from wastewater of Khosr river in Mosul city/ Iraq, whi

The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay

The antibacterial activities of some nanoparticles, makes them attractive as a new agents against pathogenic bacteria. In this research, the antimicrobial effects of Titanium dioxide-nano-particles against seven bacterial isolates (E.coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus) being isolated from different Baghdad water purification stations investigated. The physiochemical characters, which influence the quality of the drinking water for the air and water, demonstrated.The characterization of nanoparticles investigated by using Scanning Electrone Microscope, FTIR, and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The activity of different concentration of