Traffic management at road intersections is a complex requirement that has been an important topic of research and discussion. Solutions have been primarily focused on using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Key issues in VANETs are high mobility, restriction of road setup, frequent topology variations, failed network links, and timely communication of data, which make the routing of packets to a particular destination problematic. To address these issues, a new dependable routing algorithm is proposed, which utilizes a wireless communication system between vehicles in urban vehicular networks. This routing is position-based, known as the maximum distance on-demand routing algorithm (MDORA). It aims to find an optimal route on a hop-by-hop basis based on the maximum distance toward the destination from the sender and sufficient communication lifetime, which guarantee the completion of the data transmission process. Moreover, communication overhead is minimized by finding the next hop and forwarding the packet directly to it without the need to discover the whole route first. A comparison is performed between MDORA and ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol in terms of throughput, packet delivery ratio, delay, and communication overhead. The outcome of the proposed algorithm is better than that of AODV.
Chacha 20 is a stream cypher that is used as lightweight on many CPUs that do not have dedicated AES instructions. As stated by Google, that is the reason why they use it on many devices, such as mobile devices, for authentication in TLS protocol. This paper proposes an improvement of chaha20 stream cypher algorithm based on tent and Chebyshev functions (IChacha20). The main objectives of the proposed IChacha20 algorithm are increasing security layer, designing a robust structure of the IChacha20 to be enabled to resist various types of attacks, implementing the proposed algorithm for encryption of colour images, and transiting it in a secure manner. The test results proved that the MSE, PSNR, UQI and NCC metrics
... Show More<p>Generally, The sending process of secret information via the transmission channel or any carrier medium is not secured. For this reason, the techniques of information hiding are needed. Therefore, steganography must take place before transmission. To embed a secret message at optimal positions of the cover image under spatial domain, using the developed particle swarm optimization algorithm (Dev.-PSO) to do that purpose in this paper based on Least Significant Bits (LSB) using LSB substitution. The main aim of (Dev. -PSO) algorithm is determining an optimal paths to reach a required goals in the specified search space based on disposal of them, using (Dev.-PSO) algorithm produces the paths of a required goals with most effi
... Show MoreTask scheduling in an important element in a distributed system. It is vital how the jobs are correctly assigned for each computer’s processor to improve performance. The presented approaches attempt to reduce the expense of optimizing the use of the CPU. These techniques mostly lack planning and in need to be comprehensive. To address this fault, a hybrid optimization scheduling technique is proposed for the hybridization of both First-Come First-Served (FCFS), and Shortest Job First (SJF). In addition, we propose to apply Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm as an optimization technique to find optimal job’s execution sequence considering both job’s entrance time and job’s execution time to balance them to reduce the job
... Show MoreThe cuneiform images need many processes in order to know their contents
and by using image enhancement to clarify the objects (symbols) founded in the
image. The Vector used for classifying the symbol called symbol structural vector
(SSV) it which is build from the information wedges in the symbol.
The experimental tests show insome numbersand various relevancy including
various drawings in online method. The results are high accuracy in this research,
and methods and algorithms programmed using a visual basic 6.0. In this research
more than one method was applied to extract information from the digital images
of cuneiform tablets, in order to identify most of signs of Sumerian cuneiform.
Color image compression is a good way to encode digital images by decreasing the number of bits wanted to supply the image. The main objective is to reduce storage space, reduce transportation costs and maintain good quality. In current research work, a simple effective methodology is proposed for the purpose of compressing color art digital images and obtaining a low bit rate by compressing the matrix resulting from the scalar quantization process (reducing the number of bits from 24 to 8 bits) using displacement coding and then compressing the remainder using the Mabel ZF algorithm Welch LZW. The proposed methodology maintains the quality of the reconstructed image. Macroscopic and
This work presents an approach for the applying Triple DES (TRIPLE DES) based on using genetic algorithm by adding intelligent feature for TRIPLE DES with N round for genetic algorithm. Encapsulated cipher file with special program which send an acknowledgment to a sender to know who decipher or broken to crash it , Thus it is considered as the initial step to improve privacy. The outcome for proposed system gives a good indication that it is a promising system compared with other type of cipher system.
Cryptography is a major concern in communication systems. IoE technology is a new trend of smart systems based on various constrained devices. Lightweight cryptographic algorithms are mainly solved the most security concern of constrained devices and IoE systems. On the other hand, most lightweight algorithms are suffering from the trade-off between complexity and performance. Moreover, the strength of the cryptosystems, including the speed of the algorithm and the complexity of the system against the cryptanalysis. A chaotic system is based on nonlinear dynamic equations that are sensitive to initial conditions and produce high randomness which is a good choice for cryptosystems. In this work, we proposed a new five-dimensional of a chaoti
... Show MoreCommunication of the human brain with the surroundings became reality by using Brain- Computer Interface (BCI) based mechanism. Electroencephalography (EEG) being the non-invasive method has become popular for interaction with the brain. Traditionally, the devices were used for clinical applications to detect various brain diseases but with the advancement in technologies, companies like Emotiv, NeuoSky are coming up with low cost, easily portable EEG based consumer graded devices that can be used in various application domains like gaming, education etc as these devices are comfortable to wear also. This paper reviews the fields where the EEG has shown its impact and the way it has p
Human detection represents a main problem of interest when using video based monitoring. In this paper, artificial neural networks, namely multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) are used to detect humans among different objects in a sequence of frames (images) using classification approach. The classification used is based on the shape of the object instead of depending on the contents of the frame. Initially, background subtraction is depended to extract objects of interest from the frame, then statistical and geometric information are obtained from vertical and horizontal projections of the objects that are detected to stand for the shape of the object. Next to this step, two ty
... Show MoreMost Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications are delay-sensitive and require resources for data storage and tasks processing, which is very difficult to afford by vehicles. Such tasks are often offloaded to more powerful entities, like cloud and fog servers. Fog computing is decentralized infrastructure located between data source and cloud, supplies several benefits that make it a non-frivolous extension of the cloud. The high volume data which is generated by vehicles’ sensors and also the limited computation capabilities of vehicles have imposed several challenges on VANETs systems. Therefore, VANETs is integrated with fog computing to form a paradigm namely Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) which provide low-latency services to mo
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