Light naphtha treatment was achieved over 0.3wt%Pt loaded-alumina, HY-zeolite and Zr/W/HY-zeolite catalysts at temperature rang of 240-370°C, hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio of 1-4 0.75-3 wt/wt/hr, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) and at atmospheric pressure. The hydroconversion of light naphtha over Pt loaded catalyst shows two main reactions; hydrocracking and hydroisomerization reactions. The catalytic conversion of a light naphtha is greatly influenced by reaction temperature, LHSV, and catalyst function. Naphtha transformation (hyroisomerization, cracking and aromatization) increases with decreasing LHSV and increasing temperature except hydroisomerization activity increases with increasing of temperature till 300°C then began to decrease due to the formation of hydrocracking reaction. The investigation of Pt containing catalysts under study shows a very high hydrogenlysis activity , due to presence of metal component (i.e. Zr, W) which enhances the rate of paraffin isomerization and cracking.The hyroisomerization and the hydrocraking activities can be arranged as follows,. Pt/Zr/W/HY > Pt/HY > Pt/γ-Al2O3 The results showed that, Pt/γ-Al2O3 has higher activity for the direct dehydrogenation of C6 and C7 paraffin's present in naphtha to aromatics than Pt/HY and Pt/Zr/W/HY. This was due to pore volume catalyst ,the aromatics compounds increased as the pore volume increased
The researcher of human history finds that the first social relations on earth were represented by the violence of Adam, peace be upon him, Cain and Abel. Violence has been a phenomenon of life and society. The history of history is full of all forms of violence and its forms. It speaks of cruelty, oppression and states. History began, in some of its chapters, written with the blood of the victims. It is a testimony to the cruelty of human beings. His human nature and his sin have played a major role that can not be overlooked in the development of important and fundamental developments in some historical turning points where violence was a necessity for life, and its launching change, renewal and reform, and major revolutions in human h
... Show MoreThe effect of air injection angle on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied analytically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90 (for conventional) to 45 and 22.5 (for modified). Continuity and one-dimensional momentum balance for the flow field with basic principle of two-phase flow and expressions of slip ratio and friction factor as function of flow rates were formulated. The analytical and experimental investigations were carried out f
... Show MoreThis work describes the synthesis of novel ligand (H2L2) (4-((2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)imino)methyl)-5(hydroxymethyl)-2methylpyridin-3-ol) type (NOO) donor atoms. When it coordinates with metal ions[V2+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cu2+and Pt4+] with the general formula K2[M(L2)2].XH2O and K2[VO(L2)(OSO3)].H2O . This ligand can form tridentate structures. The ligand was synthesized from the reaction of pyridoxal hydrochloride with 2-amino-4-nitrophenol in ethanol (as a solvent) at a mole ratio of 1:1 and thoroughly mixed and refluxed for 6-8 hrs . The reaction
... Show MoreThe purpose of the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS 15) is to determine the basis for reporting useful information to the users of financial reports on the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty about revenues and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer. It is based on specific conditions for recognizing revenue from the contract. When the two parties to the contract or one of them fulfil the performance obligations, specifically after the customer has the ability to exercise control over the product or service that is the subject of the contract. As a result of the failure of the revenue reporting requirements in the Iraqi environment to provide adequate and honestly representative information on the o
... Show MoreThe life insurance companies need a sound system to use it in selecting Insurable risks so they can avoid or reduce possible losses that may be insured to a minimum levels , But the application within IRAQI INSURANCE COMPANY reflects that it still depends on a traditional ways in the procedures used to select that risks .
This research represents an attempt to put acceptable suggestions about developing a system for selecting insurable risks which used now by iraqi insurance company by recognizing the risks of life insurance , determining kinds of risks which can difined as normal and upnormal risks , rectification of the
... Show MoreAbstract:
Purpose\The researcher paper aims to determine the impact of information technology on the job performance, for Iraq private ban as through the use of technology dimensions of job performance.
The aim of this research: this study aims to discuss the importance of information technology and its role in achieving job performance and its impact on the Iraq banking sector design/ methodology/ approach used entrance design/methodology/approach- pilot, the questionnaire was used to collect data in order to develop a model to measure reliably and correctly to the variables of information technology and job performance, and hypotheses were tested through the use of some statisti
... Show MoreA common problem facing many Application models is to extract and combine information from multiple, heterogeneous sources and to derive information of a new quality or abstraction level. New approaches for managing consistency, uncertainty or quality of Arabic data and enabling e-client analysis of distributed, heterogeneous sources are still required. This paper presents a new method by combining two algorithms (the partitioning and Grouping) that will be used to transform information in a real time heterogeneous Arabic database environment
The choice of gate dielectric materials is fundamental for organic field effect transistors (OFET), integrated circuits, and several electronic applications. The operation of the OFET depends on two essential parameters: the insulation between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode and the capacitance of the insulator. In this work, the electrical behavior of a pentacene-based OFET with a top contact / bottom gate was studied. Organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and inorganic hafnium oxide (HfO2) were chosen as gate dielectric materials to lower the operation voltage to achieve the next generation of electronic applications. In this study, the performance of the OFET was studied using monolayer and bilayer gate insulators.
... Show MoreThe choice of gate dielectric materials is fundamental for organic field effect transistors (OFET), integrated circuits, and several electronic applications. The operation of the OFET depends on two essential parameters: the insulation between the semiconductor layer and the gate electrode and the capacitance of the insulator. In this work, the electrical behavior of a pentacene-based OFET with a top contact / bottom gate was studied. Organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and inorganic hafnium oxide (HfO2) were chosen as gate dielectric materials to lower the operation voltage to achieve the next generation of electronic applications. In this study, the performance of the OFET was studied using monolayer and bilayer gate insulators. To mo
... Show MoreThe high temperature superconductor’s compounds are one of the hot spot field of science, due to their applications in industries. Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca1Cu2O6+δ, were manufactured using a doable-step of solid state reaction method. The samples were sintered at 800 ° C. The transition temperatures Tc are found from electrically resistively by using four probe techniques. The resistivity become zero when the transition temperature Tc(offset) have 131 and 119 K, and the onset temperature Tc(onset) have 139 K for Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca2Cu3O8+δ and 132 K for Hg0.8Sb0.2Ba2Ca1Cu2O6+δ. Analysis of X-ray diffraction showed a tetragonal structure with lattice parameters changes for all samples.