عرفت النظم القانونية انواعا مختلفة من الشركات اذ تعتبر الشركة الوعاء القانوني الاكثر ملائمة لغرض توظيف اموال المستثمرين في مشاريع ذات اهمية والذي يحقق نفا لاصحاب رؤوس الاموال المستثمرة فضلا عن اثرها البالغ على اقتصاد الدول وقد كان للشركة القابضة نصيب من هذا الاهتمام منذ القدم لدى العديد من الدول ووضعت لها احكاما تفصيلية تتناسب مع الاهمية التي يحظى بها هذا النوع من الشركات كونها تجمع لعدة شركات فرعية تسيطر ع

Despite the principle of separation of powers brought by the French Revolution, which entrusted the task of drafting legislation and its amendment to the legislative authority and the task of settling disputes and settling them in the judiciary. However, since that date, the French judiciary has played a major role in the development of French civil law (In spite of all the economic and social developments that have taken place in French society throughout these years) since its promulgation until February of 2016, the date of the Legislative Decree No. 131 of the year 2016 A modification is the largest in the history of the French Civil Code (which was the judicial precedents in which a significant impact), was assisted by the French ju

    ان ظاهرة الالعاب المحرضة على العنف اصبحت منتشرة في الاسواق بشكل واسع الذي يعزو الى ضعف القوانين والانظمة والتعليمات المطبقة بحق المتاجرين وبالتالي انعدام التطبيقات القضائية ، ولخطورة التوجه الكبير لهذه الألعاب ، كما ان البحث في هذا الموضوع  وتحديد مسؤولية المتاجر بهذه الالعاب يجعل الدولة أكثر تحكما في هذه الظاهرة وتساعد على  الحد من انتشارها ومن ثم تخفيف حدة العنف السائد في المجتم

        The authority of the state to regulate the entry and residence of foreigners to it is characterized by a great deal of freedom, and it is limited only by the rules of international law that impose on states to respect the minimum standard in the treatment of foreigners, in order to achieve the optimum protection of human rights, regardless of the society in which they live, without consideration. Regarding his nationality or his country of origin, and whatever that may be, the foreigner has now become one of those addressed by the provisions of the law of the country in which he resides, and he enjoys the rights guaranteed by his human being, without regard to his country and nationality, in oth

 تعد المنافسة من متطلبات الإقتصاد الحر و ركيزة أساسية لتفعيل الإصلاحات الإقتصادية , إذ يقوم الاقتصاد الحر على مبداء حرية التجارة والصناعة وحرية المنافسة , أي التنافس بين مختلف المؤسسات الاقتصادية التي تقدم الخدمات و السلع المتماثلة أو المتشابهة,إذ تعتبر المنافسة التجارية المشروعة من الأساليب المثلى في التنمية و التطوير  في المجالات التجارية , فلكل تاجر الحق في ممارسة أعماله التجارية بطريقة مشروعة 

The establishment of political parties in Iraqi law is subject to several conditions, including the conditions related to the principles and objectives of the parties and the conditions related to membership in the parties, as well as the establishment of a number of procedures. These conditions and procedures are governed by the Political Parties Law No. (36) of the year 2015, And another represents a restriction on the freedom to establish political parties and graduated from the framework of the organization authorized by the ordinary legislator under the constitutional assignment under the text of Article (39) of the Constitution to restrict and confiscation of the freedom to establish political parties, and we have finished through

Practiced media work tasks within the scope of certain legal duties embody the whole rules of professional conduct that should be on the real media adhered to and act out because it or bring action would violate longer be positive for the legal liability of any kind. These legal obligations imposed on the media vary depending on the reference that media self-employed, there are legal obligations scheduled to journalists working for the state media institutions offset by other legal obligations imposed on those working in the private media institutions as well as the different nature as to each professional media in nature while others characterized the other character Public.

Giving the media to exercise his legal rights, th

على الرغم من مبدأ الفصل بين السلطات الذي جاءت به الثورة الفرنسية والذي عهد بمهمة وضع التشريعات وتعديلها إلى السلطة التشريعية ومهمة الفصل في المنازعات وتسويتها إلى السلطة القضائية، بيد ان القضاء الفرنسي لعب منذ ذلك التاريخ وليومنا هذا دورا كبيرا في تطوير قواعد القانون المدني الفرنسي (المعروف بتقنين نابليون لعام 1804 )، على نحو مكن هذا الاخير من البقاء صامدا دون تعديلات جوهرية (على الرغم من كل التطورات الاقتصادي

This research discusses the right of control in accordance with the rules of Rotterdam, and the UAE Maritime Commercial Law No. (26) of 1981 AD, the right of the sender and the consignee to issue instructions to the carrier regarding the goods, and the topic has been divided into two sections, the first topic entitled What is the right of control for seaborne goods, and the second topic It deals with the rights and obligations of the party controlling the seaborne goods.

he study concluded with many results and recommendations, including: that the right of the sender to direct and dispose of the goods during the sea voyage is not linked to the right of ownership contained in the goods; Because of their independence, the ownership

ملامح من فكرة القانون الطبيعي في حضارة العراق القديم