Praise be to God, and prayers and peace be upon our master Muhammad, the Messenger of God, and upon his family, companions, and those who are guided by his guidance.

Then:

       Our Islamic jurisprudence and its basic principles are fixed, namely: the Noble Qur’an, then the Prophet’s Sunnah, then consensus, then analogy. However, it is characteristic of what makes it developed to meet the requirements of renewed life, including: sent interests, custom, approval, blocking pretexts, changing times. That is why it went through different stages, growth, brilliance, stagnation and endowment; Therefore, many scholars of Islamic jurisprudence divided its stages into four sections: the stage of inf

The Crusade-Mongol alliance against the Islamic World represents one of the most serious issues ever experienced by the Islamic World and the challenges ever faced by the Muslims during the Middle Ages. Having failed to win victory over Muslims when the Crusaders were about to withdraw and declare defeat, there appeared a force

Local food samples investigated for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Hash meat sample was used to isolate Escherichia coli and chicken meat (poultry) was used to isolate Salmonella typhi. Biochemical tests and API20E system used in order to identify these isolates. Two natural vinegar samples (dates & apple cider) were used in order to study its antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria. Disc diffusion method was used, the results showed that two vinegar samples have antibacterial activity against the two tested bacteria. Date vinegar showed inhibition zone 19mm against E. coli & 9mm against S. typhi, while Apple cider vinegar showed diameter of inhibi

In this study, we used Bayesian method to estimate scale parameter for the normal distribution. By considering three different prior distributions such as the square root inverted gamma (SRIG) distribution and the non-informative prior distribution and the natural conjugate family of priors. The Bayesian estimation based on squared error loss function, and compared it with the classical estimation methods to estimate the scale parameter for the normal distribution, such as the maximum likelihood estimation and th

Indexing manuscripts is one of the important technical operations carried out by the indexer because of the descriptive or bibliographic data it provides

    Indexing manuscripts is one of the important technical operations carried out by the indexer because of the descriptive or bibliographic data it provides.

أولاً : مشكلة البحث :

أن مشكلة البحث تتمثل بوجود حاجة لتحسين الطرائق والأساليب المتبعة في التدريس ولذلك اتجهت البحوث في مجال التربية وعلم النفس إلى تحديد طرائق التدريس المناسبة لتطوير التفكير.         

ومن هذه الأساليب الحديثة  العصف الذهني بوصفها من اكثر الطرق التي قد  تؤدي إلى تحفيز الطلبة وأثاره القدرات الإبداعية لديهم في حقول التربية والتعليم وا

The importance of teaching methods and procedures comes from the nature and significance of the questions raised inside the classroom. That is, because questions, in fact, are the means of communication and interaction in the class situation. Therefore they are considered as indispensible elements in any teaching approach. Furthermore, it is noticeable that the majority of teachers fail in using them, for questions are often casted spontaneously and without pre-planning. Hence, a delay may occur in realizing the pre-set objectives, and let alone the dominance of stereotyped questions, especially when the teachers focus on a type of question which can be directly answered from the text-book.

      &nb

In the present work, steady two – dimensional laminar natural convection heat transfer of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids inside isosceles triangular enclosure has been analyzed numerically for a wide range of the modified Rayleigh numbers of (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁵), with non-dimensional parameter (NE) of Prandtl – Eyring model ranging from (0 to 10), and modified Prandtl number take in the range (Pr* =1,10, and 100). Two types of boundary conditions have been considered. The first, when the inclined walls are heated with different uniform temperatures and the lower wall is insulated. The second, when the bottom wall is heated by applying a uniform heat flux while the inclined walls at

الشيخ الحاج محمد الأمين، من الشخصيات التي كتبت بعلامات بارزة تاريخ شعبها والمنطقة، من خلال مقاومة الاحتلال الفرنسي الصليبي في السودان الغربي، ونشره الاسلام بين القبائل الوثنية، القاطنة هناك  و قيادة حركة قومية إسلامية لإعادة أمجاد الشعب السراكولا ،وإحياء إمبراطورية غانا الإسلامية والتي كانت تشكل الجزء الأغلب من السودان الغربي.