The investment environment is the incubator for all types of domestic and foreign investments, so if their determinants are encouraging, they increase the levels of investment flows and vice versa, as there is a relationship between the nature of the investment environment and the level of investment flows, and the determinants of the investment environment are numerous and the most important of which are security and political stability, and economic and financial factors that include relative stability In the exchange rate and inflation rates, the availability of banks and their development, transparency and integrity in administrative dealings and the lack of prevalence of administrative and financial corruption, and the clarity of legal and other procedures. Therefore, the importance of the environment is highlighted. Investment and its relationship to indicators of the national economy as one of the important strategic issues as it is the incubator in which the investment and the economy in general grows and develops. The Iraqi economy suffers from structural imbalances, as a result of the decline in crude oil prices, which makes the Iraqi economy a powerless economy in the face of fluctuations in the prices of oil derivatives, as total exports for the same year amounted to 49.4 billion dollars The share of oil exports was $49.1 billion. In 2017 and 2018, the total exports amounted to $60 and 85.2 billion, respectively. The share of oil exports was $59.6 and 83.8 billion, respectively, for two years. The value of imports increased from 37.1 billion dollars in 2014 to 48.6 billion dollars in 2016 and then to 37.0 billion dollars in 2018, while the proportion of imports to GDP was 28.7% in 2016 and then The value of imports was taken by fluctuation. Any decrease in crude oil prices will make the value of imports greater than the value of exports, and therefore the trade balance will be negative, which will cause the Iraqi economy to suffer major dilemmas, as it reached negative 4.8 billion dollars in 2016 and then rose positively to 48.2 billion dollars in 2018.
A study of non-diatom algal species composition in twelve sites from Greater Zab River path within
Erbil Province, was carried out from April 2021 to January 2022 with monthly sample collection in twelve studied sites. Among them site 4,5,6,7 and 9 are the first for algal study in this area. The 112 different species of algae belong to 33 genera, 25 families, 13 orders and 4 divisions have been identified. The predominant genera included Spirogyra and Cosmarium 17, 8 taxa respectively. 13 taxa were new recorded to Iraqi
Kurdistan algal flora and 9 of them were new recorded to Iraqi algal flora: Botryosphaerella sudetica, Muriella magna, Gloeotaenium loitlesbergianum, Apiocystis brauniana, Anabaena oscillarioides, C. distentum
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The present study aims to give some details about the normal anatomical and histological structure of the liver, pancreas and gall bladder in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874). Anatomical results revealed that the liver of C. carpio is a reddish-brown in color, located in the anterior part of abdominal cavity and dispersed between most of the intestines, which is divided into two lobes; while in M. sharpeyi the liver is light brown in color located in the anterior part of abdominal cavity and extends to the end of the intestinal tract with two lobs. The gallbladder situated in the right side of the liver in both species. Histological results in both species showed that the liver consists
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NH3 gas sensor was fabricated based on deposited of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH) suspension on filter paper substrates using suspension filtration method. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the MWCNTs film were characterized by XRD, AFM and FTIR techniques. XRD measurement confirmed that the structure of MWCNTs is not affected by the preparation method. The AFM images reflected highly ordered network in the form of a mat. The functional groups and types of bonding have appeared in the FTIR spectra. The fingerprint (C-C stretch) of MWCNTs appears in 1365 cm-1, and the backbone of CNTs observed at 1645 cm-1. A homemade sensi
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In the past infectious diseases affected the quality of lifestyle during home confinement. The study conducted examines the influence of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on lifestyle, mental wellbeing, nutritional status, and sleeping pattern.
An online multicategorical questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic information combined with the following tools: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), WHO-5 wellbeing score, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A snowball non-discriminate sampling procedure was
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In this study, poly4-(nicotinamido)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (PNOE) was prepared by the electro polymerization of 4-(nicotinamido)-4-oxo-2-butenoic acid (NOE) monomer on a 316 stainless steel (St.St) which acts as an anticorrosion coating. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cyclic voltammetry were used to diagnose the structure and the properties of the prepared polymer layer. The corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated 316 St.St were evaluated by using an electro chemical polarization technique in 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution as a corrosive medium at a temperature range of 293 to 323 K. Nano materials, such as nano ZnO and graphene were added in di
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سجلت الدولة الجزائرية محاولتين من أجل التنمية، بهما أرادت القضاء على كل مخلفات الاستعمار الفرنسي، من فقر وجهل وأمراض وحرمان من أبسط ضرورات الحياة، كما عملت جاهدة على أن تكون دولة لها مكانة في صفوف الدول الصاعدة على الأقل، لما حباها الله من موارد مادية ومالية وبشرية، وموقع جيو استراتيجي، قلت مثيلة في العالم، بالنسبة لمساحتها الجغرافية الكبيرة وتنوع تضاريسها الطبيعية، وترتيبها المتقدم في الطا
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The Arab economy suffers from many structural imbalances problems which are getting complicated by the appearance of the world economic variables.
This change held risky challenges for the Arab economies in the light of unsuitable regional and international conditions. Since that it has been very essential for the Arab experts, especially those related to economy and politics, to face those new challenges or, at least, adapt with them believing that they can have both positive and negative impacts on the Arab economy.
This study has acquired its importance in the light of the critical levels the Arab economy reached out of the world economic variables, resulting in long-term
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مكانية استخدام السوق المالية في التنبؤ بالدورات الاقتصادية