Cognitive mapping in humans is the process of coding, storing, and processing information that. Can be used in special behavior . Several scientific Domains interfere in the concept of cognitive maps including cognitive Psychology and environmental Psychology. Three papers at the start of the last century introduced the concept of cognitive maps , ( Gulliverʼs ,1908 ) brief note mentioned such maps in the context of teaching children orientation and there was a paper published by ( Hutorowicz , 1911 ) comprising an abridged translation of a monograph written by ( B .F .Adler ) on the ( maps of primitive peoples ) and that was followed shortly after by ( Trowbridgeʼs ,1913 ) article on " Imaginary maps" which provided the first clues to the structure of cognitive maps . Edward chace Tolman who used and developed the concept of cognitive maps in his article (Cognitive maps in Rats and man ,Tolman ,1948 ) . The feature of a cognitive map, according to Tolman, is the ability to make novel short – cut between two points. The concept of cognitive map has elicited considerable interest over the years. Tolmanʼs results seem to imply that animals or humans go beyond the information given when they go directly to a goal after having learned an indirect path. This study has several conclusions, and the most important one is that some modifications broadened the range of cognitive maps that let it to be applied to several fields, including Psychology, anthropology, organizational management, education and political science.
This study involves adding nano materials and interaction with cement mortar behavior for several mortar samples under variable curing time with constant water to cement ratio (W/C = 0.5). The effects of adding nano materials on the microstructure of cement mortar were studied by (Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray (for samples at different curing time 28 and 91 days. Small ratio replacements of nano particles (SiO2 or Al2O3) were added to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) type (I). The percentage of nano materials additives replacement by weight of ordinary Portland cement includes (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) for both types of nano materials with constant (W/C) ratio, also the amount of the fin
... Show More
(3)
The population studies are one of the difficult tasks facing the world in all periods. most of the researchers and who have relationship to population policies and development plans, may have succumbed to the idea that the population problem is based and confined mainly in the rate of increase in population, or the so – called population explosion, and not the content because of its pressure on resources and there is no problem of population if the resources are available and therefore no need for the development and implementation of population policies in any way . While the population policies here should take a range of general and comprehensive in every respect to population and demographic phenomena distribution, not only
... Show Moreيسلط هذا البحث الضوء على ظاهرة لغوية، والتي يطلق عليها تسمية "التضاد". يبين هذا البحث مفهوم هذه الظاهرة، خصائصها، أنواعها، وأسبابها، في اللغتين الساميتين: السريانية والعبرية. حيث تم اعتماد المنهج المقارن في دراسة هذه الظاهرة اللغوية وتبيان وجوه التشابه واالختالف في ماهية هذا النوع من المفردات، أي األضداد، في اللغتين: السريانية والعبرية. ويشير البحث إلى نوعين من التضاد وهما: التضاد الذي يكون بين مفردتين مستقل
... Show MoreThe history of the Olympic movement in Iraq is a rich history that reflects the interest of Iraqi governments and society in sports, the social and economic conditions, and international relations, and highlights the intersection of sports and politics and the impact of global events on local sports development. Therefore, providing a valuable insight into the reality of the participation and results achieved by Iraq in the Olympic Games for the period under study helps in giving a broader understanding of Iraq’s position in the global sports community. The research aims to document the important events in the development of the Olympic movement in Iraq for the period (1929-2000) and explore the formation and development of the Iraqi Olym
... Show More
Research Summary :
Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of the Messengers, his family and all his companions, then after:
This is brief research that contained between its two covers one of the jurisprudence rules derived from Islamic Sharia that guarantees the right of others, in case of forcing to do the prohibited act, and it is a restriction of the rule: “Necessities allow prohibitions” and “Hardship brings facilitation” and support for the rule: “Necessities are valued.” It is an origin in alleviating the taxpayer definitely , and the study has briefly shown some of the jurisprudential appli
... Show MoreThis research discussed the freedom of Iraqi women in the thought of Dr. Nazeeha Al-Dulaimi.
The picture has taken a place that sometimes enables it to take precedence over media analysis، psychology، and political communication.
The image has the ability to influence to obtain persuasion، not only emotionally or
dramatically، but also on the level of commercial and political persuasion. In every
image، the intention of that persuasion is hidden.
It can be identified by a set of underlying dimensions such as vitality، social dominance، and confidence، for which a group of specific suggestions or movements، such
as a smile، the movement of hands، or the nature and way of looking with the eyes، is
established. The visual image often precedes its verbal counterpart in the proce
This paper shed light on castles in Iraq through Othman reign to know their sorts , and studying planning concentrating on the nature of architecture , this is a serious trying to study and important side of military architecture in Iraq with its reasons of building them which had related with political, military , social ,and economical circumstances of country .
The formula is effective in Surat Nisa
(A study of gramophone)
in the name of o Allah the Merciful
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers. The envoy is a mercy to the worlds Muhammad Sadiq Al - Amin and to the pure and good companions of the Tayyibites.
The formula of the morphological formulas, which have diverged from other meanings, whether lexicon or contextual and what this formula contains many meanings (effective source) and (effective in the sense of effective) and (effective sense reactor) and (effective sense) and ( (F) in the sense of a similar character) and ((the name of the) (collect). This was dealt with in the formula in Surat al-Nisaa