Cognitive mapping in humans is the process of coding, storing, and processing information that. Can be used in special behavior . Several scientific Domains interfere in the concept of cognitive maps including cognitive Psychology and environmental Psychology. Three papers at the start of the last century introduced the concept of cognitive maps , ( Gulliverʼs ,1908 ) brief note mentioned such maps in the context of teaching children orientation and there was a paper published by ( Hutorowicz , 1911 ) comprising an abridged translation of a monograph written by ( B .F .Adler ) on the ( maps of primitive peoples ) and that was followed shortly after by ( Trowbridgeʼs ,1913 ) article on " Imaginary maps" which provided the first clues to the structure of cognitive maps . Edward chace Tolman who used and developed the concept of cognitive maps in his article (Cognitive maps in Rats and man ,Tolman ,1948 ) . The feature of a cognitive map, according to Tolman, is the ability to make novel short – cut between two points. The concept of cognitive map has elicited considerable interest over the years. Tolmanʼs results seem to imply that animals or humans go beyond the information given when they go directly to a goal after having learned an indirect path. This study has several conclusions, and the most important one is that some modifications broadened the range of cognitive maps that let it to be applied to several fields, including Psychology, anthropology, organizational management, education and political science.
Find cares studying ways in the development of industrial products and designs: the way the progressive development (how typical) and root development (jump design), was the aim of the research: to determine the effectiveness of the pattern and the jump in the development of designs and industrial products. After a process of analysis of a sample of research and two models of contemporary household electrical appliances, it was reached a set of findings and conclusions including:1-leaping designs changed a lot of entrenched perceptions of the user on how the product works and its use and the size and shape of the product, revealing him about the possibilities of sophisticated relationships with the product, while keeping the typical desi
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The research aims to evaluate Evaluation of the investments Iraqi fund for External development through the application of financial tools to a number of companies of the Iraqi Fund for External Development, and from the point of view to achieve the best returns from investment and the feasibility of the investments of the Iraqi Fund for External Development and the research community represents the Iraqi Fund for External Development and the amount of (28) A company, while the research sample is (4) companies (the Arab Petroleum Transportation Services Company, the Arab Iraqi Company for Livestock Development, the Bauhaus Company for prefabricated buildings and mineral installations, the Arab Fisheries Company) that were chosen
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The research aims to improve the performance of the Directorate of Maysan water by reconciling the objectives of the employees of the directorate with the objectives of the Directorate itself, as well as to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the performance of the Directorate (Leadership - Individuals - Knowledge - Operations - Financial) and presented to experts and arbitrators of specialized, and the researchers have relied on the case study methodology as a descriptive approach is comprehensive analysis, and draws on more than one approach, method and scientific design, has been interviewed a number of experts in the Directorate Maysan's water Identify the weaknesses and strengths of the Directorate, the research has rea
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- baumannii is an aerobic gram negative coccobacilli, it is considered multidrug resistance pathogen (MDR) and causes several infections that are difficult to treat. This study is aims to employ physical methods in sterilization and inactivation of A. baumannii, as an alternative way to reduce the using of drugs and antibiotics.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma was generated by one electrode at 20KV, 4 power supply and distance between electrode and sample was fixed on 1mm. A. baumannii (ATCC 19704 and HHR1) were exposed to Dielectric Barrier Discharge type of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (DBD-CAP) for several periods
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Los enunciados interrogativos desempeñan un papel de sumo interés en el habla del ser humano en todo el mundo, además de la gran importancia que desempeñan sus distintos enunciados y partículas en abreviar las oraciones y hacer llegar a nuestro interlocutor nuestra intención con pocas palabras, por eso a través de esta investigación vamos a enfocar la luz sobre uno de sus tipos fundamentales "los enunciados interrogativos directos", a través de un estudio morfológico contrastivo entre el árabe y el español, este fue el principal motivo para elegir este tema.
A pesar de que los enunciados interrogativos directos aparentemente no ofrecen mucha dificultad, pero dominar a dicho tipo de enunciados con
... Show MoreIt is an analytical study carried out at university of Basra using a sample included the dean ,assistants and managers of scientific dept. in the university for about(63)managers .The study aimed at discovering a model of crises management in the university.The researcher adopted the descriptive survey methodology.To achieve the objective of the study ,a questionnaire of (41)statements was developed covering five main variables like ,signal detection, prevention and preparedness, response, recovery and learning .The validity of the questionnaire was done by a group of referees .Its stability was determined by Cronbach,s Alfa .The questionnair,s stability coefficient was(0.
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Stylistics represents a modern approach in understanding the literary text through the linguistic patterns that form it. The distinctive phenomena that the text includes constitute special features in it. As well as exploring its aesthetic aspects through description and analysis at the same time. The close link between stylistics and linguistics made stylistics occupy a prominent place in modern literary criticism.
In this regard, we do not want to dwell on the different directions of stylistics. Rather, we will prolong the discussion in the study of the style as a (deviation. Aversion) from the original. Because this trend plays on the chord of the paradox between the surface structure and the deep structure, especially when the sur
The present study is about tales attributed to certain people and are not traded. Such a study has a great importance for religion scholars and conveyors of hadiths since it is considered as one of the important sources of Islamic legislation that represent the Holy Sunna, and the majority of the recent study is concerned with non-traded tales of religion scholars. The research starts with the definition of such type of tales and then its types, conditions, legality, exceptions, and the benefit from studying such matter. It is mainly concerned with the opinions of the Imami and Hanafi region scholars respectively, and with comparing between the two doctrines i.e. Imami and Hanafi at the end of each
... Show MoreThe formula is effective in Surat Nisa
(A study of gramophone)
in the name of o Allah the Merciful
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers. The envoy is a mercy to the worlds Muhammad Sadiq Al - Amin and to the pure and good companions of the Tayyibites.
The formula of the morphological formulas, which have diverged from other meanings, whether lexicon or contextual and what this formula contains many meanings (effective source) and (effective in the sense of effective) and (effective sense reactor) and (effective sense) and ( (F) in the sense of a similar character) and ((the name of the) (collect). This was dealt with in the formula in Surat al-Nisaa