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مراكز التعليم ودورها التربوي في حركة التدريسينفي العصر العباسي الأخير (447-656 ﻫ)
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لم يكن من السهولة على الباحث في مجال التربية والتعليم تحديد مراحل التعليم في العصر العباسي الأخير او وضع فواصل محددة بين تلك المراحل المختلفة من ذلك العصر، لان التعليم آنذاك كان يتميز بالمرونة التي تتيح للتعليم الحرية المطلقة في اختيار نوع الدراسة والمادة الدراسية التي يريد دراستها.

فكانت المساجد والكتاتيب والمجالس العامة والخاصة هي المؤسسات العلمية الاولى للتعليم عند المسلمين في عهد الرسول (e) وخلفائه الراشدين. فيها يتلقون مبادئ الإسلام واصول الدين الحنيف, وقد حث الاسلام على التعلم وشجع المؤمنين على السعي في طلب العلم([1])

وكان ذلك مظهرا اولياً لنشأة حركة التعليم في الاسلام, حيث تبع ذلك تدريجياً ظهور حلقات العلم والادب التي كانت تعقد في المساجد او بيوت الخلفاء والحكام, واصبحت المساجد الجامعة الاولى بعد الهجرة خير اماكن التعليم.

ومن الممكن ان ندرك النشاط العلمي الواسع لهذه المساجد من كثرة القراء والمحدثين والفقهاء والخطباء في تلك الحقبة.

والى جانب ذلك، ظهرت بوادر احساس بالحاجة الى اماكن للتعليم غير المساجد وعدم الاكتفاء بها, فاتخذت بعض بيوت العلماء ودكاكين الوراقين لتدريس علوم الدين واللغة([2]). وأنُشأَت خزانة وبيت الحكمة ودور العلم لتيسيير سبل التعليم ودراسة مختلف العلوم ([3]).

وجاء القرن الرابع الهجري (العاشر الميلادي) الذي تطورت وازدهرت فيه الحضارة العربية الاسلامية اذ شهد تبلور فكرة (المدرسة) بظهور دور مخصصة للتدريس منها مساكن للغرباء، واوقفت لها الاوقاف, وجعلت فيها خزانات الكتب ودرست فيها مختلف العلوم([4]).

 

([1])-هناك ايات قرانية عديدة حول ذلك منها انظر سورة المجادلة:-آية 11 وسورة طه آية 14 كما وردت احاديث نبوية كثيرة في هذا المضمار.

([2])- ياقوت الحموي,ابو عبد الله, شهاب الدين ياقوت (ت626ﻫ ـ-1228م) معجم الادباء.جـ3,القاهرة 1926,ص22

([3])-المقريزي, تقي الدين أحمد على المقريزي (ت 854 ﻫ), كتاب الموعظ والاعتبار بذكر الخطط والآثار المعروف بالخطط جـ,القاهرة 1270 ﻫ ص458 وجـ2,ص342 و363؛ محمد اسعد طلس, التربية والتعليم في الاسلام, دار الملايين, بيروت 1956م,ص 93-121.

([4])- ياقوت الحموي,معجم البلدان,جـ2,م.س ص343؛ معجم الادباء جـ6,ص156-163..                                                 

 

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Fri Jun 01 2012
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Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The intellectual Umbrella for the strategic scenario in business organizations - The Opinions and the Spotlights
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Today, more than ever before, the business organizations’ initiatives should seek to design themselves and delivery them to the environment because of its change, and the increasing of uncertainties and the growing opportunities. What is required by the business organizations is that to adopt good approaches to stimulate the modern thinking and non traditional thinking and exploit the valued concepts and overcome the old thinking. Substantially, the scenario planning is the art of thinking about what is unexpected.

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Mon Mar 15 2021
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Semantic Operation of Place in the Legendary Movie: حيدر وسم صالح
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Place is considered one of the important artistic elements in the movie through which the events occur in different arts and literatures and with its absence there isn’t any that can initiate events. Place is important for the things that we recognize, and the first fact in cinema is the place which can't be dispensed with on the level of the film or scene or cinematic shot that can't be emptied from its spatial content. The characters are always there in a place occupying some space of it, despite that it is not merely a container for the event cinematically. The researcher views the importance of discovering and observing them in this research which is divided into four chapters as follows: (theoretical framework) which includes the

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 08 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
المشكالت الصحية المرافقة لالستخدام الخاطئ للحاسوب في مدينة بغداد
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The Research aimed for identification the significant of health problems that occurrences through
misused of computer for those whom attaches with more than two hours daily and to identification the
nature of demographical characteristics variables and that related variables with using computer. Also to
know the level of user’s knowledge for some attaché’s equipment's and finally creating a new suggested
measurement scale for studying health problems that were occurred through misused of computer.
Creating questionnaire includes several domains (Social problems – family environment, Social problems –
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
The Role of Informativity in Translating Poetry (A Case Study of Emily Dickinson's Slant of Light)
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Informativity, being an essential component of text/discourse, plays a significant role in highlighting the intended meaning and finally contributes to the overall process of rendering a text cross-culturally. It has, however, been overlooked by translators in doing their jobs. In poetic translation, informativity plays a particularly significant role as it sheds light on the ungraspable traits of meaning.

This study tries to explore this aspect in a translation of Emily Dickenson's Slant of Lights to see where the translator fell short in this aspect with attempts to produce an alternative translation taking into consideration the various orders of informativity. For this purpose, a model of informativity is forwarded t

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
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Al-academy
Usage of the visual elements in the interior designing of indoor swimming pools
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The research specializes in (Usage of the visual elements in the interior designing of indoor swimming pools), the research seeks to provide a study that contributes to providing scientific and knowledge material, as a reference for researchers, students of interior design and architecture, and companies constructing indoor swimming pools.
The objective research is to detect the actual state of the interior design of the indoor swimming pools, and recognize the most important standards and techniques used in its design to provide appropriate design solutions if needed also Proposing a development proposals for the interior design of indoor swimming pools, the theoretical framework of this study, included two sections, The first one ta

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 01 2015
Journal Name
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The Factors influencing to the cognition operation & its Data: وفاء جاسم محمد
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The present research deals with the influencing factors which depends on the way perceptual of the graphic designer which enters in the design logos of the loco European health, where the search include four chapters, the researcher reviewed in the chapter 0ne the methodical frame of the research ,as reviewed in the second chapter the theoretical frame, and the previous studies which included three sections, the first section included the perceptual understandable and types of it, and the second section included the influencing factors in the designer perceptual ways and its division . While the third section included the perceptual in graphic designer through the percepted shapes and the relation with ground and colors for express the i

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 20 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Performance Analysis of Propagation in VHF Military Tactical Communication System
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The main challenge of military tactical communication systems is the accessibility of relevant information on the particular operating environment required for the determination of the waveform's ideal use. The existing propagation model focuses mainly on broadcasting and commercial wireless communication with a highs transceiver antenna that is not suitable for numerous military tactical communication systems. This paper presents a study of the path loss model related to radio propagation profile within the suburban in Kuala Lumpur. The experimental path loss modeling for VHF propagation was collected from various suburban settings for the 30-88 MHz frequency range. This experiment was highly affected by ecological factors and existing

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2015
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Climate change and dust storms in Iraq / 'Baghdad', case study
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A dust storm in Iraq is a climatic phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions . The frequency of the occurrence has increased drastically in the last decade and it is increasing continuously .Baghdad city like the rest of Iraq is suffering from the significant increase in dust storms . In this research , the study of the phenomenon of dust storms for all types (Suspended dust , rising dust , dust storm) , and its relationship with some climate variables (Temperature , rainfall ,wind speed) .The statement of the impact of climate change on this phenomenon to Baghdad station  for the period (1981 – 2012) . Time series has been addressing the phenomenon of storms and cli

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 04 2018
Journal Name
Arab Science Heritage Journal
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The study of the Baghdad personalities is an important issue because the owners of these personalities usually belong to the elite, which play a distinct role in the development of any society in all political, economic, social and cultural fields. These include the study of the personal personality of Father Anastas Marie Carmeli to highlight many aspects of personality And his clear fingerprints on the movement of society in the field of culture and thought

    That Karamli's efforts in the field of language, literature and history made him one of the most prominent pioneers of Renaissance late in the history of modern Iraq

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 09 2018
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Study the Effect of Forming Media on the Hydroforming Process for Copper Tube
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To observe the effect of media of the internal pressure on the equivalent stress distribution in the tube, an experimental study is done by constructing a testing rig to apply the hydraulic pressure and three dies are manufactured with different bulging configurations (square, cosine, and conical). In the other part, ANSYS APDL is generated to analyze the bulging process with hydraulic and rubber (natural and industrial) media. It was found that when the media is a rubber, the stress is decreased about 9.068% in case of cosine die and 5.4439% in case of conical die and 2.8544% in case of square die. So, it can be concluded that the internal pressure in the rubber media is much better than in hydraulic media. Also, the force needed for fo

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