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Higher education in Iraq : its process and features of development during the period of 1932 A.D – 1958 A.D
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In order to specify the features of higher education process and its quantitative and qualitative development in Iraq ; one should look back at its historical process and the need of interesting with it .

Accordingly , there will be a chance for verifying the demand of the Iraqi society according to the political , social , and cultural changes especially  during the national governance (1932 – 1958 ) .

For depicting the most important quantitative and qualitative development of this kind of education the period of 1932 -1958 , and since there is no previous study that tackled this topic , here comes the need of writing this paper .

After historical and descriptive analysis of the data and the information supported by the references and the books , the paper concluded the following :

  • During this period , higher education in Iraq had witnessed the development of several colleges like college of economy and trade 1936  , college of pharmacy 1938 ,college of arts and sciences 1949 ,guiding college 1948, college of agricultural 1950 ,college of dentistry 1953 , college of veterinary medicine 1955 .
  • Many schools and higher institutes where also established like : college of domestic arts 1932 – 1933 , institutes of fine arts 1936 , institute of Queen Alyaa 1945 , the higher institute of industrial engineering 1950 , the higher institute of physical education 1954.
  • Sevral college and institutes had also been reopened and the developed . those which already existed in 1932 like : law school 1908 , college of sharia 1912,college of engineering 1917 , higher academy of teachers 1923 ,college of medicine 1927 .
  • That historical period of the higher education development had also witnessed a quantitative and qualitative growth in preparing students ( males – females ) and instructors in the higher institutes and college , in addition to the growth of quality and the quantity of students missions from Iraq and the other Arabic countries .
  • That period had also involved the establishment of the first Iraqi University called University of Baghdad.
  • Several committees had been formed in that period .they discussed the importance of opening several colleges and concentrated on the curricula taught there . they also discussed the means of putting criteria of students acceptance in the college and institutes .  

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 02 2021
Journal Name
مجلة لارك
Iraqi government policy towards the Kurds in light of British documents, February 1963 - April 1966
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The Kurds' positions were characterized by insistence on their rights during the monarchy and choosing various solutions to obtain independence. After the revolution of July 14, 1958, the Kurds welcomed it, and the leaders of the Kurdistan Democratic Party sent a telegram to the Free Officers Organization congratulating them on the new era in order to build sound and correct relations between the two parties. However, the military conflict was renewed between the Iraqi government and the Kurds and continued even after the coup of February 8, 1963, and all the subsequent negotiating and peaceful attempts to resolve the Kurdish problem until 1966. It was a state of double contradiction for both parties that thwarted the peaceful attempts. The

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Publication Date
Thu Oct 13 2022
Journal Name
Ibero-american Journal Of Exercise And Sports Psychology
The effect of Sakyo training (S.A.Q) in developing some physical and kinetic abilities and completing 110m hurdles for 16-year-old specialized school players
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The event of crossing the barriers is one of the Power Games activities that have received great attention in the field of researches. Which led to ma..

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 02 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
The Effect of Breathing Exercises on Relation and Self – Talk on Developing Ambition Level According to VTS – Sport and Achievement in Long Distance Runners
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Publication Date
Sun Mar 07 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of aqueous extracts and isolation proteinous compound from clove buds on serumglucose, triglyceride , glutathione and malnodialdehyde levels in alloxan induced diabetic mice
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This study was included preparing acold aqueous extract of clove buds The study also comprised the isolation and studying the proteinous compound,which was seperated using gel filtration technique and determined approximately molecular weight of this isolated compound(6799) dalton . The aim of the study demonstrate effects of the crude aqueous, non proteinous extract, proteinous precipitate and proteinous compound on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, also glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues in diabetic mice-induced alloxan.Extracts were administerated interaperitioneally. The results were indicated that the crude aqueous, non proteinous extr

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using the Non- Homogenous Poisson Processes with Queuing Theory in the Emergency Department in Al-Tifel Teaching Central Hospital (Al-Iskan)
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In this paper, the using of Non-Homogenous Poisson Processes, with one of the scientific and practical means in the Operations Research had been carried out, which is the Queuing Theory, as those operations are affected by time in their conduct by one function which has a cyclic behavior, called the (Sinusoidal Function). (Mt / M / S) The model was chosen, and it is Single Queue Length with multiple service Channels, and using the estimating scales (QLs, HOL, HOLr) was carried out in considering the delay occurring to the customer before his entrance to the service, with the comparison of the best of them in the cases of the overload.

Through the experiments

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 02 2025
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Objectivity of the Liaison in the Iraqi Media Institutions (Al Mada, Azzaman, Al-Sumaria, Aletejah Instituations & Satalite Channels as a Model)
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Objectivity is the common denominator between the qualities and elements of a news story that is described as the mother of journalistic arts. When there is doubt about the authenticity of the information contained in the press, whether readable, audible or visual, it means that there is an imbalance in objectivity. When, furthermore, there is an incorrect and intentional use of words in order to influence readers, it means to move away from objectivity as a necessary element in the success of the media institution; and the success of its editorial material.

But the objective interpretation may take several dimensions to the liaison. For the purpose of grasping the interpretation of objectivity among those liaisons working in the

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Measurable Mistakes in Architecture the Effect of Designer's Experience on the Propagation of Mistakes in Architectural Design - Residential Buildings in Al Sulaymaniyah City as a Case Study
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The importance of physical and nonphysical architectural design values made architectural designers need good experience to be experts of architectural values reasonably without neglecting any value in the design process.  The importance of such values made that ignoring any values and mistakes occurs in the design process. Simultaneously, architectural designers' different nature and the difference in their experiences are causing different understandings of the design values, thus causing architectural mistakes. The research problem appears from the randomly propagating of mistakes in contemporary architecture, which is about to become a phenomenon in Al Sulaymaniyah city. The research aims to find the main reason

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Publication Date
Sun Oct 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Influence of Ablation Speed on the Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures Via Pulsed Laser Ablation of Asphalt in Ethanol
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Pulsed liquid laser ablation is considered a green method for the synthesis of nanostructures because there are no byproducts formed after the ablation. In this paper, a fiber laser of wavelength 1.064 µm, peak power of 1 mJ, pulse duration of 120 ns, and repetition rate of 20 kHz, was used to produce carbon nanostructures including carbon nanospheres and carbon nanorods from the ablation of asphalt in ethanol at ablation speeds of (100, 75, 50, 10 mm/s).  The morphology, composition and optical properties of the synthesized samples were studied experimentally using FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, and UV-vis spectrophotometer. Results showed that the band gap energy decreased with decreasing the ablation speed (increasing the ablation time), the mi

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Using Air Guide Net in Front of the Condenser on the Performance of Automobile Air Conditioning System
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The work of this paper is an investigation to improve the condenser performance of the automobile air conditioning system by enhancing the air-side heat transfer from the condenser through the use of an air guide net installed in front of the condenser face which is basically an aluminum plate having a circular entrance shape for the air passage.  The A/C system was examined under two types of test. The first test was conducted the air guide net, while the second was done with the air guide net. The performances of the A/C system under these tests were compared. For the second type of test, the experiment was carried out with three different size of air guide net, three different circular diameters (2, 3 and 3.5 cm) a

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 28 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Level of Educational Supervisors' Practices of Their Supervisory Duties According to The Requirements of Comprehensive Quality in Oman
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The research aims to identify the level of educational supervisors' practices of their supervisory duties according to the requirements of comprehensive quality from the viewpoint of teachers in Oman. Moreover, identify the differences between the responses of the sample about these practices, which are attributed to gender, and years of experience. Thus, a questionnaire was administered to teachers, consisting of (48) items distributed on (5) main fields related to the educational supervisor's practices. The sample consisted of (220) teachers who were randomly chosen from the schools in Dhofar region. Data were analyzed using means, standard divisions, T-test, and One Way ANOVA. The research concluded that the level of educational super

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