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Early marriage for the minors: a phenomenon of family violence against children
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It is certain that marriage has the favor of the continuity of human kind since the Prophet Adam till now. But this important event is threatened by some justifications which lead to its delay or abandonment. In the West, sexual relations, illegal friendships, and disrespect of marriage sacredness lead to this delay. While the reasons behind the delay of marriage in the Arab world refer to high dowries, women go out to work, and the religious and scientific ignorance of the need and importance of marriage. The problem also differs according to the difference between the rural and urban regions. On one hand, we find that early marriage is a necessity in the rural regions; on the other hand, the delay of marriage is a clear and natural matter in cities.

       But recently a new problem starts to increase which is the marriage of the minors (under the age of 18 years) which is considered as family violence against children.  Hence forth, this research deals with this problem, and analyzes it's positive and negative sides since marriage is an institution that must be built on the right basis like equivalence, and the ability to hold the responsibility. Subsequently, age plays a great role in marriage as it may affect negatively especially if it becomes obligatory on individual.

             Accordingly, this research inquires the following three questions:

  1. Is marriage of the minors preferable?
  2. Is it a family violence or not?
  3. What are its advantages and disadvantages?

            After applying the tool of the research on 125 adult female students, the research has come to the following results: -

  1. It is not preferable for those under 18 years of age.
  2. It is considered a family violence against children.
  3. It has many disadvantages including an early divorce, the feeling of regret, as well as the inability to hold responsibility.

           But the advantage of early marriage is that it protects the young from deviation.

        In coordination with the Ministries of Education and Higher Education and Scientific Research, the researcher has recommended that there should be some studies that sensitize about the marriage of the minors, its social and economic influences, and its negative results in the future.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 29 2024
Journal Name
Advances In Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, And High Performance Computing
Evaluating Antivirus Effectiveness Against Malware in Ascending Order for Increasing Blockchain Endpoint Protection
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Blockchain represents a new promising technology with a huge economic impact resulting from its uses in various fields such as digital currency and banking; malware represents a serious threat to users, and there are many differences in the effectiveness of antivirus software used to deal with the problem of malware. This chapter has developed a coefficient for measuring the effectiveness of antivirus software. This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of antivirus software by conducting tests on a group of protection programs using a folder containing an amount of data. These programs are applied to combat viruses contained in this folder. The study revealed that the effectiveness of antivirus software is as follows: AVG scored 0%,

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Languages (jcl)
Estudio traductológico del relativo "que" del español al árabe A study in the translation of relative pronoun (que) from Spanish into Arabic language
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The scope of the world of translation is an area filled with different types of translations, whether translations of scientific, social, political or economic in addition to the other types are endless, but the translation problematic grammatical that may confront us if we proceed to translate any subject are important issues that must Translator whether translators or interpreters that puts it into consideration and attaches great importance to the translation is very clear and without any ambiguity. One of these forms of grammatical task is to translate the relative pronoun (que) from Spanish into Arabic language, which revolves around the subject of this research.

    The relative pron

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Review of Histopathological Diagnoses of One Year Appendectomy Specimens in Sulaimani City
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Objective: To review and see the pattern of histopathological diagnoses of one year appendectomy specimens.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried in Sulaimani Teaching Hospital over the period of one year (from 1st
of January to 31st of December 2009). All pathological reports were reviewed retrospectively for patient’s age, sex,
histopathological diagnosis and operative findings (if present). Histopathological diagnoses then were classified into
either positive or negative for acute inflammation. Any associated findings or any surgical specimen removed with the
appendix was recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using the statistical package social sciences (SPSS) version
19; with Chi square to test

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 30 2013
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of the Adsorption of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Bentonite and Activated Carbon
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The adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto bentonite and activated carbon was investigated. The effects of pH, initial adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The maximum adsorption capacities for bentonite and activated carbon were 0.0364 and 0.015 mg/mg, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change, Enthalpy change and Entropy change have been calculated. These thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was thermodynamically spontaneous under natural conditions and the adsorption was endothermic in nature. Experimental data were also tested in terms of adsorption kinetics, the results showed that the adsorption processes followed well pseudo second- order

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
Embossing technologies and their role in enhancing the aesthetic dimension of digital printing: رياض محسن حبيب الربيعي
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Publications are generally considered an effective visual artistic means that addresses the recipient (the audience), with the functional, aesthetic and expressive dimensions they carry that contribute to spreading a diverse cultural awareness, especially those publications that are concerned with their media, promotional and organizational performance, as well as specific cultural events at specific times, in pursuit Access to renewable and elaborate designs to achieve the functional and aesthetic purpose, as the completed design and construction process is subject to many variations, whether this diversity is intellectual or technical, internal or external, and all of them may overlap to obtain a comprehensive system of artistic format

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 01 2020
Journal Name
The Saudi Dental Journal
The impact of salivary lactoperoxidase and histatin-5 on early childhood caries severity in relation to nutritional status
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Publication Date
Sun Aug 23 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Maximum bite force among a group of Iraqi children in relation to mandibular growth rotation
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Comparison of Practical Investigations for CO Emissions Emitted From Single Cylinder S. I. Engine Fueled With Different Kinds of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Hydrogen
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Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), Natural gas (NG) and hydrogen were all used to operate spark ignition internal combustion engine Ricardo E6. A comparison of CO emissions emitted from each case, with emissions emitted from engine fueled with gasoline as a fuel is conducted.

The study was accomplished when engine operated at HUCR for gasoline n(8:1), was compared with its operation at HUCR for each fuel. Compression ratio, equivalence ratio and spark timing were studied at constant speed 1500 rpm.

CO concentrations were little at lean ratios; it appeared to be effected a little with equivalence ratio in this side, at rich side its values became higher, and it appeared to be effected by equivalence ratio highly, the results s

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 28 2022
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Effectiveness of Digital journalism in developing political awareness among Iraqi feminist activists "A survey study"
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The paper aims to reveal the effectiveness of digital journalism in developing political awareness among Iraqi feminist activists. This paper is descriptive, and it adopted the analytical descriptive survey method. A snowball sample composed of (102) respondents of Iraqi feminist activists was adopted and questionnaire was used to collect data. The research has reached the following conclusions: The rate of Iraqi Feminist Activists dependence on digital Journalism have increased; to develop their political awareness, and their preference - in this regard - (the pages of journalistic institutions to social media) in a way that exceeds other types of digital journalism. (Variety of languages) has topped the priorities of Iraqi feminist act

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 15 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
Study the Impact of Silica Nanoparticles on the Properties of Several Dyes for the Fabrication of a Random Laser Gain Medium
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Random laser gain media is synthesized with different types of dye at the same concentration (1×10-3 M) as an active material and silicon dioxide NPs (silica SiO2) as scatter centers through the Sol-Gel technique. The prepared samples are tested with UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDX). The end result demonstrates that doped dyes with silica nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.0016 mol/ml have lower absorbance and higher fluorescence spectra than pure dyes. FESEM scans revealed that the morphology of nanocrystalline silica is clusters of nano-sized spherical particles in the range (25-67) nm. It is con

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