In this paper, one of the Machine Scheduling Problems is studied, which is the problem of scheduling a number of products (n-jobs) on one (single) machine with the multi-criteria objective function. These functions are (completion time, the tardiness, the earliness, and the late work) which formulated as . The branch and bound (BAB) method are used as the main method for solving the problem, where four upper bounds and one lower bound are proposed and a number of dominance rules are considered to reduce the number of branches in the search tree. The genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to obtain two of the upper bounds. The computational results are calculated by coding (progr

In the present work usedNd:YAG laser systems of different output characteristic were employed to study the drilling process of material used in scientific and industrial fields. This material include Manganese hard steel. Our study went into the affecting parameters in drilling of Manganese hard steel by laser. Drilling process is achieved through material absorption of part of the incident laser beam. It is the resultant of interfering both, laser beam and material properties and the focusing conditions of the beam. The results as shown that the increase in the laser pulse energy over the used level has raised the hole diameter, depth and increased the hole taper. In addition to that a hole taper was affected by the laser energy, the fo

Recently digital mammography is most widely used technology for early detection of breast cancer. The main diagnosing elements such as lesion or masses in digital mammograms are with law contrast. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the mammogram images by increasing its contrast. Different enhancement method are used for this purpose such as histogram equalization (HE), Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), Morphological, and Retinex. The Retinex method also implement by combining it with HE once, and with CLAHE to improve its performance. The experimental results show that using Retinex with CLAHE can produce an image with enhancement in contrast better than using it with HE method and better than other methods

Sol-gel method was use to prepare Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles. Crystal structure of the nanocomposite was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction patterns while the color intensity was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the average grain sizes were in range (68.96-75.81 nm) for all samples. The characterization of Ag-SiO2 nanoparticles were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ag-SiO2 NPs are highly stable and have significant effect on both Gram positive and negative bacteria. Antibacterial properties of the nanocomposite were tested with the use of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The results have shown antibacteri

In this paper, the behavior of structural concrete linear bar members was studied using numerical model implemented in a computer program written in MATLAB. The numerical model is based on the modified version of the procedure developed by Oukaili. The model is based on real stress-strain diagrams of concrete and steel and their secant modulus of elasticity at different loading stages. The behavior presented by normal force-axial strain and bending moment-curvature relationships is studied by calculating the secant sectional stiffness of the member. Based on secant methods, this methodology can be easily implemented using an iterative procedure to solve non-linear equations. A comparison between numerical and experimental data, illustrated

Kidney tumors are of different types having different characteristics and also remain challenging in the field of biomedicine. It becomes very important to detect the tumor and classify it at the early stage so that appropriate treatment can be planned. The main objective of this research is to use the Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) algorithms to help the early detection of kidney tumors. In this paper, tried to implement an automated segmentation methods of gray level CT images is used to provide information such as anatomical structure and identifying the Region of Interest (ROI) i.e. locate tumor, lesion and other in kidney.
A CT image has inhomogeneity, noise which affects the continuity and accuracy of the images segmentation. In

This paper is concerned with finding the approximation solution (APPS) of a certain type of nonlinear hyperbolic boundary value problem (NOLHYBVP).  The given BVP is written in its discrete (DI) weak form (WEF), and is proved that  it has a unique APPS, which is obtained via the mixed Galerkin finite element method (GFE) with implicit method (MGFEIM) that reduces the problem to solve the Galerkin nonlinear algebraic system  (GNAS).  In this part, the predictor and the corrector technique (PT and CT) are proved convergent and are used to transform the obtained GNAS to  linear (GLAS ), then the GLAS is solved using the Cholesky method (ChMe). The stability and the convergence of the method are studied. The results

In this paper, we present an approximate analytical and numerical solutions for the differential equations with multiple delay using the extend differential transform method (DTM). This method is used to solve many linear and non linear problems.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is one of the developed techniques for relief representation.  The definition of a DEM construction is the modeling technique of earth surface from existing data. DEM plays a role as one of the fundamental information requirement that has been generally utilized in GIS data structures. The main aim of this research is to present a methodology for assessing DEMs generation methods. The DEMs data will be extracted from open source data e.g. Google Earth. The tested data will be compared with data produced from formal institutions such as General Directorate of Surveying. The study area has been chosen in south of Iraq (Al-Gharraf / Dhi Qar governorate. The methods of DEMs creation are kriging, IDW (inver

The conjugate coefficient optimal is the very establishment of a variety of  conjugate gradient methods. This paper proposes a new class coefficient of conjugate gradient (CG) methods for impulse noise removal, which is based on the quadratic model. Our proposed method ensures descent independent of the accuracy of the line search and it is globally convergent under some conditions, Numerical experiments are also presented for the impulse noise removal in images.