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Factors associated with the phenomenon of marriage outside the court And the consequences of it A field study in Sadr City
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Marriage outside the court is a manifestation of the oppression that women are subjected to in Iraq its seriousness comes out of the consequences that it leads to The. It overlooks the age of the girl and her marriage in younger age or coerced to marry as it leads to neglecting the affordability of marital relationship as long as the marriage does not have any legal or material consequences. The present study aims to detect Characteristics of both wives, husbands and families Who agree to marry her daughters outside the court. And the reasons that lead them to marry outside the courts. It also aims to provide information on the circumstances of marriage and reasons for refusing to ratify it in court. The study was based on the sample social survey. And study sample included 300 women married outside the court. Who have been directed to the non - governmental organizations support centers in Sadr City for help. The main tool for this research is the questionnaire. The main findings of the study 1. Marriage outside the court is related to the marriage of children and more from 58% of the the sample Have been married before Their attainment Legal age status For marriage, 2 - Approximately half of the marriages which are concluded outside the court (48%) Do not continue and end in Divorce, separation, abandonment or the death of a spouse, 3- Low educational level is the dominant feature for wives and for couples and fathers and mothers of married women outside the court. 4. The decision to marry the girl taken by father often , and nearly 32% of women who were married outside the court had not taken their views or consent waver on marriage, And that a quarter of marriages concluded outside the court are forced marriages were coerced. 5. The 13% of marriages entered into outside the court marriages are not allowed by law and harmful practices associated with women (marriage as blood money or to stay under relative mandate). And 20% of married women outside the court are second or a third wives. 6 - Lack of interest in the civil contract by parents was the first reason behind the marriage outside the court. Followed by the complex procedure for marriage within the court. The promise to ratify the marriage came later in the third order. As for the young woman's age came fourth in order . 7- Marriages were attributed to non - certified in court and face the risk of general collapse, dismantling the marital bond 36.3%. The husband 's failure to ratify the marriage of the most important reasons not to ratify these marriages from the point of view of women, followed by the arrangement in terms of lack of interest in the ratification of marriage then comes not reaching the wife to the legal age of marriage , which will allow the ratification third place

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 14 2022
Journal Name
Physica Scripta
A wavelet-based collocation technique to find the discontinuous heat source in inverse heat conduction problems
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Abstract<p>This paper is devoted to an inverse problem of determining discontinuous space-wise dependent heat source in a linear parabolic equation from the measurements at the final moment. In the existing literature, a considerably accurate solution to the inverse problems with an unknown space-wise dependent heat source is impossible without introducing any type of regularization method but here we have to determine the unknown discontinuous space-wise dependent heat source accurately using the Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) without applying the regularization technique. This HWCM is based on finite-difference and Haar wavelets approximation to the inverse problem. In contrast to othe</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Impact of Strategy 3-2-1 in acquiring Concepts of Sociology of fourth grade students: The Impact of Strategy 3-2-1 in acquiring Concepts of Sociology of fourth grade students
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Abstract

The current research aims to identify the impact of triangular bridging strategy in the acquisition of sociology of fourth-stage students. To achieve the research objective, the following null hypotheses were adopted: there are no statistically significant differences at a significance level (0, 05) between the average grades of the experimental group students who studied the triangular bridging strategy in acquiring concepts of sociology and average grades of the control group. The researcher has selected the fourth-stage students from Alexandronah School for girls that s related to the Directorate General of Baghdad the sample consisted of (87) students at litera

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Publication Date
Mon Mar 13 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Stressful Life Events In Relation to Dental Caries and Selected Salivary Constituents Among Secondary School Students in Baghdad City
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ABSTRACT Background: stress is the reactions of the body to forces of a deleterious nature, infections and various abnormal states that tend to disturb its normal physiological equilibrium; It is described as adverse emotions or reactions to unpleasant experiences; Thus, any real or perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes bodies to react or respond have deleterious effects on the general and oral health. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries among the students with different categories of stressful life events in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole stimulated saliva. Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 students (males only) aged 17-18 ye

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2019
Journal Name
Computers And Electronics In Agriculture
Meteorological data mining and hybrid data-intelligence models for reference evaporation simulation: A case study in Iraq
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Medical Research Archives
Genetic Polymorphism for the Gene Encoding Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1) in Iraqi Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common, highly heritable inflammatory arthritis affecting primarily the spine and pelvis. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between the rs27044 polymorphism in Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1) with the susceptibility and severity of AS correlated with some biochemical markers such as hematological parameter (Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR)) and immunological parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), Human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27), Interlukin-6 (IL-6) and Interlukin-23 (IL-23)), and oxidative stress parameters (Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA)) in a sample of Iraqi population. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from AS patients requited Rhe

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy
Optimisation of operating parameters on the performance characteristics of a free piston engine linear generator fuelled by CNG–H2 blends using the response surface methodology (RSM)
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The free piston engine linear generator (FPELG) is a simple engine structure with few components, making it a promising power generation system. However, because the engine works without a crankshaft, the handling of the piston motion control (PMC) is the main challenge influencing the stability and performance of FPELGs. In this article, the optimal operating parameters of FPELG for maximising engine performance and reducing exhaust gas emissions were studied. Moreover, the influence of adding hydrogen (H2) to compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel on FPELG performance was investigated. The influence of operating parameters on in-cylinder pressure was also analysed. The single-piston FPELG fuelled by CNG blended with H2 was used to run the expe

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 29 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.: Study of Antioxidation Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted From Green Algae Enteromorpha sp.
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Samples of the green algae were collected from water of Shatt al-Arab in Garmat Ali in Basra. After purification, the green algae identified on Enteromorpha sp. The samples were dried and milled, then sulfated polysaccharides were extracted with hot water at 90°C precipitated with absolute ethanol, dialysed and lyophilized. The chemical composition was total sugars 56.4%, protein 1.3% and sulfur 19.7%. Antioxidation activity of sulfated polysaccharides was studied by four method and included estimation of ability of scavenging hydroxylated radicals, the results showed an increased in ability with increasing concentrations. Ability of scavenging and was 59.86% at the concentration of 2.5 mg/ ml, but BHT was 81.36%. Ability of scavenging

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Compliance auditing according to the INTOSAI standards and its effect on the quality of audit reports: applied research
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                The main objective of the audit process is to enable the auditor to express his neutral technical opinion as to whether the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the financial reporting framework and fairly express the financial position, the result of the activity and the cash flows. A wrong opinion works to burden the beneficiary parties with great damages, and then the presence of any error or bias from the auditor when applying the rules of professional ethics (such as violating professional confidentiality and conflict of interest and moving away from impartiality and objectivity) negatively affects the performance of his

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
A study of Fermi hole and partial Fermi hole for Li- and C-Atoms in different states 1s 2p, 1s 3p, 1s 3d and 2s 2p
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The electron correlation effect for inter-shell have been analysed in terms of Fermi hole and partial Fermi hole for Li-atom in the excited states (1s2 3p) and (1s2 3d) using Hartree-Fock approximation (HF). Fermi hole Δf(r12) and partial Fermi hole Δg(r12 ,r1) were determined in position space. Each plot of the physical properties in this work is normalized to unity. The calculation was performed using Mathcad 14 program.

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Publication Date
Mon May 25 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
Strength Training and its Effect in Some Biochemical Variables in the High Jumping of Advanced Players
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The study of biomechanical indicators in the arc of the run and the upgrading stage is one of the important variables that affect the nature of the upgrading and thus affect the result of the race due to the importance of these stages and the consequent variables during the last steps. That’s why, the jump-trainings based on assistant means or body weight positively affect the step-time for each of the three steps in the acceleration arc. As well as, it focuses on the momentary strength of each step at this stage. It also significantly affects the speed of motor performance to suit the activity in which the runner needs to perform perfect steps with high flow in order to convert the horizontal speed to a vertical one. This is achieved thr

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