Introduction: Although soap industry is known from hundreds of years, the development accompanied with this industry was little. The development implied the mechanical equipment and the additive materials necessary to produce soap with the best specifications of shape, physical and chemical properties. Objectives: This research studies the use of vacuum reactive distillation VRD technique for soap production. Methods: Olein and Palmitin in the ratio of 3 to 1 were mixed in a flask with NaOH solution in stoichiometric amount under different vacuum pressures from -0.35 to -0.5 bar. Total conversion was reached by using the VRD technique. The soap produced by the VRD method was compared with soap prepared by the reaction - only method which

The research study focuses on the efficient and accurate detection and determination of cobalt ions. The detection method involves the formation of brilliant green aggregates with calcium hexacyanoferrate in the presence of nitric acid. (Nagham-four sources of white snow light-emitting diodes arranged in three rows corresponding to three detectors) (The NAG-4SX3-3D Analyzer is an optical, chemical, electronic, and detection tool that receives a cumulative signal (no amplification is required). The total distance travelled is 760 mm with regard to YZ(mV) - tsec (dmm). It was selected for its precise calculation of the energy transducer profile. The linear range for measuring cobalt (II) ions is 0.05 to 20 mM. For concentrations of 5

The present study attempts to identify some of the differences between the skull bones of two species Cyprinus carpio and Carassius carassius, which belong to the Cyprinidae family. The study is a taxonomic diagnostic study between the two species which are considered local fish abundant in the Iraqi aquatic environment

This paper presents the implementation of a complex fractional order proportional integral derivative (CPID) and a real fractional order PID (RPID) controllers. The analysis and design of both controllers were carried out in a previous work done by the author, where the design specifications were classified into easy (case 1) and hard (case 2) design specifications. The main contribution of this paper is combining CRONE approximation and linear phase CRONE approximation to implement the CPID controller. The designed controllers-RPID and CPID-are implemented to control flowing water with low pressure circuit, which is a first order plus dead time system. Simulation results demonstrate that while the implemented RPID controller fails to stabi

Many economic entities working in multiple industrial fields suffer fromlow techniques in using modern administrative means in their works. The mostused tool in measuring required procedures is to adopt and use quality costs. inspite of complications and bronchial of operations in construction projects, Theresearcher was able to find a structure to quality costs according to traditionclassification (prevention, Appraisal, failure) which enables the calculation ofthese costs and then analyze results and setting standards which can beimplemented in evaluating strategic performance for targeted project. and theforge research in theoretical fly to quality and costs concerning it inconstruction section , as well as strategically performance a

In this paper the concept of (m, n)- fully stable Banach Algebra-module relative to ideal (F − (m, n) − S − B − A-module relative to ideal) is introducing, we study some properties of F − (m, n) − S − B − A-module relative to ideal and another characterization is given

In this study the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) received by pediatrics patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examinations was estimated. The study was conducted in two hospitals in Najaf city where three radiographic systems were considered. The study participants were classified into four age groups 0-1 ,  1-5 ,  5-10  and  10-15  years. Calculations were performed using exposure factors, kVp, mAs and focal-skin distance, together with patient data age. The ESD was calculated for the involved patients who underwent an Antero-posterior (AP) chest, abdomen and skull X-ray examination. The resulted data were analyzed and compared with international dose references. For all studied radiographic examinations and all X-ray mac

This research aims to study and evaluate the reality of the Iraqi banks in terms of how they cope with the risks of the banking business, specifically banking operational risks, and to develop a model integrated to define, identify, measure and mitigate the impact of these risks on according to the Basel Committee requirements II about the dangers of Alchgal.uchir major search to the presence of weak results in the Iraqi banks in understanding and defining and measuring operational risks and not hedged properly, which avoids those banks operating losses as well as the results show there is a shortage in the equation of capital adequacy applied by the Iraqi banks because of non-observance of the minimum capital required to counter the ris