This study aims at identifying the reality of alternative assessment for teachers of the first cycle of the basic education in the Sultanate of Oman with respect to the degree of teachers' use of alternative assessment strategies, level of self-efficacy for alternative assessment strategies, and attitude towards alternative assessment, and their relationship with other variables. To achieve the aims of the study, a descriptive research approach was utilized. A 5-point self-rated questionnaire was developed. It consists of three sections: Actual use of alternative assessment strategies (21 items), self-efficacy for alternative assessment strategies (21 items), and attitude towards alternative assessment (27 items). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined in terms of validity and reliability. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of (392) teachers teaching grades (1-4) of the first cycle of the basic education from three governorates (Muscat, Batinah North, and Batinah South) in the Sultanate of Oman. Results showed that teachers' use of alternative assessment strategies was high, their level of self-efficacy for alternative assessment strategies was high, and their attitude towards alternative assessment was positive. Also, there were statistically significant differences among teachers in using alternative assessment strategies, level of self-efficacy for alternative assessment strategies, and attitude towards alternative assessment attributed to specialization and training in alternative assessment. However, there were no statistically significant differences among teachers in using alternative assessment strategies, level of self-efficacy for alternative assessment strategies, and attitude towards alternative assessment attributed to years of teaching experience, teaching quorum, and teaching load. The researcher recommends conducting workshops on alternative assessment for the teachers and more research in the area of alternative assessment
تنشر الولايات المتحدة قوات في جميع دول القارة الافريقية بهدف السيطرة الكاملة عليها وتحقيق اهدافها ومصالحها
In research it is an important phonemic change for the speaker to reach Ease and lightness ,wich is the kinetic follow-up , and we tried to collect the scattered matter in the various dialects.
it is studied with the ancient and modern Showing the occurrence of this term between both sides Then we clarified the phoneme explanation for this phenomenon
The strategic approach had a great effect on information technology analysis which relevant to business organizations. The role was explicated, through uses of the strategic leadership for these approaches to support the strategic capabilities (powers) and its contribution to reach the advantage and superiority strategy. This paper was attempt to reveal the strategic philosophy or strategic talent mind had a big role on confrontation the strategic risk and challenges. The paper was concluded by represents a wide perspective for the information technology and its effects on organizations strategic role. The topic can be considered as a rational and reasonable contribution, in addition to the opportunist pragmatic analysis will sup
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أن التطور الاقتصادي في أية دولة إنما يقاس بالدور الذي يلعبه القطاع الصناعي في اقتصادياتها، ومقدار ما يسهم به في الناتج المحلي الأجمالي. ولا يخفى أن ينسب ذلك إلى خصوصيات هذا القطاع بوصفه الميدان الذي تتحقق فيه انجازات الثورة العلمية والتكنولوجية أكثر من غيره من الميادين، وأرتباطاته الأمامية والخلفية مع سائر القطاعات. يضاف إلى ذلك أن القطاعات الأخرى تتأثر ايجاباً بنمو القطاع الصناعي، كما انه المسؤول
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The book Tabaqat al-Faqih by Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi (d. 174 AH / 4801 CE) is considered one of the important sources and dates back to the fifth century AH
يعد كتاب(الفهرست) لإبن النديم أول كتاب جامع في القرن الرابع الهجري ،حصر الكتب و المؤلفات العربية و رصدها في مجالات العلم و المعرفة و الثقافة و الفن ،و اللغة والأدب و الشعر بما يكشف عن النشاط الفكري ، و الحياة العقلية و العلمية للعصر .
The poverty in the developing countries is output to under development as we consider welfare, where as when the poverty disappear that produced be the general development . Historically, in our countries, the underdevelopment is the result of colonialism period and what is associated with it of transferring the surplus abroad and the disorder of production structure. And at the present time, the poverty is reproduced and aggravated in the last years as a result of many internal and external reasons.Today, poverty is associated in many forms with the poverty previously.
المقدمة