During his tenure in Iraq, al-Hadjjaj bin Yusif undertook administrative and economic reforms as well as linguistic reform.

The efforts exerted by Abu al-Aswad al-Dawali to control the reading of the Holy Quran were not sufficient, so the melody and error continued and became more pronounced, especially since the letters were written until then without any distinguishing features.

Al- Hadjjaj bin Yusuf realized the seriousness of the continuation of these errors and what he talked with the days of the causes of division and disagreement between the Muslim community ordered his book to put these suspicious characters marks was at the head of the book Nasr bin Asim and Yehi bin Muammar

إن اختلاف الفقهاء مصدر عظيم لثروة فقهية كبيرة، ومن مظاهر الخلاف الفقهي مؤاخذات علمية يوردها بعض العلماء على علماء آخرين بدعوى مخالفتهم الأدلة الشرعية، أو القواعد المقررة لاستنباط الأحكام الشرعية، ومن تلك المؤاخذات ما أورده الإمام المحدث أبو بكر ابن أبي شيبة رحمه الله تعالى على أبي حنيفة النعمان رحمه الله حيث إنه ساق في مصنفه الكثير من الأحاديث والآثار التي عد الإمام أبا حنيفة رحمه الله مخالفا لما تقتضيه من

Abstract

     The aim of this research is to identify the effectiveness of thinking skills in developing the life skills of the students of the first Academic year, particularly the differences in life skills according to the variable of study specialization (human-scientific). To achieve the research objectives, the life skills scale was constructed on the classification of (WHO). The psychometric properties of the scale were examined. The validity of the scale, which is the final form of (60) items, was valid for measuring the life skills. The scale was then applied to the research sample of (112) students of the first year of the University of Bisha.  The SPSS program processed

   The research statement to the amount of the contribution of information and communication technology in the quality of tourism and hotel services, and determine the relationship between the impact of information and communication and the quality of tourism services technology, The importance of the research is to establish the philosophical thinking of the nature of variables, as a modern administrative terminology and employ them towards the quality of tourism and hotel services, the research dealt with a problem expressed by a number of intellectual and practical questions, Was formulated based on the current situation witnessed by the tourism sector and hotel in Iraq, and the real gap was the lack of awareness of the impo

Nowadays, university education stands in front of both students who feel they are weak and teachers who are addicted to using traditional and dependent teaching. This has led to have negative repercussions on the learner from different aspects, including the mental aspect and the academic achievement process. Therefore, the present research is concerned with finding a new teaching method that adopts the motivation by the fear of failure technique. Thus, the study aims to examine the effect of adopting this method on students’ academic achievement. To achieve this aim, an experimental method was used, and an achievement test was built for the curriculum material of level two students. The pretest test was applied on 17 male and female s

The present study aimed at identifying the level of psychological alienation and motivation of achievement among the incoming teachers in the schools of Dhofar Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman a well as to explore the correlation relationship between psychological alienation and motivation of achievement. The sample of the study consisted of (238) expatriated teachers from Al- Dhofar Governorate in Oman who were selected randomly. The psychological alienation scale and the motivation of achievement scale for teachers were used by researchers and were conducted electronically by google forms. The data were processed statistically using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the level of psy

     يهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة أثر انموذج بوسنرفي تحصيل مادة الرياضيات لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط .

ولتحقيق هدف البحث صاغت الباحثة الفرضية الآتية :

      لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريبية الذين درسوا مادة الرياضيات  وفق انموذج بوسنر، وبين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة الضابطة الذين درسوا المادة نفسها بالطريقة الاعتيادية في اخت

Generally, the academic facilities necessitate specific criteria to be under the regional standards such as creative leaders, and a positive climates that induce to create an organizational culture within the academic institution. Consequently, these variables promote to improve the educational and administrative performance pursuing to achieve the general objectives. Thus, the current research aims to explore the level of privileged organizational culture among Baghdad University Colleges, explore the administrative creativity of deans and their assistants in addition to identify the relationship between them. The researchers prepared two instruments which were distributed among (70) individual of the targeted sample to collect the requ

يستهدف البحث الحالي التعرف إلى 1 .بناء مقياس سمات الشخصية المفضلة لدى معلمي ومعلمات التربية الخاصة في العراق من وجهة نظر ذوي اإلختصاص والعاملين في هذا المجال. 2 .مستوى توافر سمات الشخصية المفضلة لدى معلمي ومعلمات التربية الخاصة في العراق من وجهة نظر ذوي اإلختصاص والعاملين في هذا المجال. 3 .داللة الفروق اإلحصائية في سمات الشخصية المفضلة لدى معلمي ومعلمات التربية الخاصة ً في الع ارق من وجهة نظر ذوي اإلختصاص والعا