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The guarantees to the rule of law Iraq and Algeria exemplar
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      ان اي مجتمع لابد له من سلطة تنظم امره وتدبر شؤونه لان المجتمع الانساني ضروري ويعبر الحكماء عن هذا بقولهم (( الانسان مدني بالطبع اي لابد له من الاجتماع ))(


[i]) ، وان مبدأ سيادة القانون يتطلب وجود دولة قانونية تقوم على اركان حقيقية تستمد قوتها من الشعب باعتباره مصدر السلطات ،ولها قوة ملزمة تستمدها من القواعد الدستورية التي ارست عليها بنائها القانوني.

      واليوم ونحن في العقد الثاني من الالفية الثالثة نرى مدى تطور الانظمة الديمقراطية التي قطعت اشواطاً كبيرة في بناء دولة المؤسسات والقانون ،اي الدولة القانونية التي تقوم على مبدأ المساواة بين مواطنيها ، وعلى التداول السلمي لنقل السلطة بين حكامها .

     ان دولة القانون تعني سريان حكم القانون على الحاكم والمحكوم على حد سواء ، لذلك فأن من اهم ضمانات مبدأ سيادة القانون هو وجود رقابة حقيقية وفعالة لتطبيق القانون وحمايته من اي تجاوز عليه من السلطات ،او افراد الشعب ،ومن هذه الضمانات الرقابة السياسية التي تكون اوسع قاعدة رقابية لما فيها من حلقات رقابية متعددة ومتنوعة تعمل على حماية القانون وضمان احترامه ، وللإدارة دور في حماية مبدأ سيادة القانون من خلال الرقابة الادارية التي تسمح للإدارة بمراجعة اعمالها وامكانيتها في سحب اعمالها المخالفة لمبدأ المشروعية، وان كانت هي الحكم والخصم في هذه الحماية الا ان عملها المتنوع ذاتي متعدد الدرجات .

    ولم يقف الامر عندها بل وجود الرقابة القضائية يعد صمام امان حقيقي بين الادارة ومواطنيها والتي تعمل على حماية حقوق وحريات الافراد من اي تجاوز، وهي اكثر انواع الرقابة فاعلية لأنها تعمل على الموازنة بين المصلحة العامة والمصلحة الخاصة، وان ابهى صور الدولة القانونية تتجلى في صيانة مبدأ المشروعية الذي يعني( ان يخضع الحكام جميعاً للقانون ،بحيث لا تكون اعمالهم ولا قراراتهم صحيحة قانوناً ولا ملزمة للأفراد ،الا بقدر التزامها بحدود الاطار القانوني الذي تعيش في ظله )([ii])،متى ما التزم الجميع بحدود القانون نكون امام الدولة القانونية.

 

[i] مقدمة ابن خلدون : ص41.

[ii] د. احمد كمال ابو المجد : رقابة القضاء على اعمال الادارة ، دار النهضة العربية ، القاهرة ،1964،ص7.

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 01 2021
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Treatability influence of municipal sewage effluent on surface water quality assessment based on Nemerow pollution index using an artificial neural network
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Abstract<p>Assessing water quality provides a scientific foundation for the development and management of water resources. The objective of the research is to evaluate the impact treated effluent from North Rustumiyia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on the quality of Diyala river. The model of the artificial neural network (ANN) and factor analysis (FA) based on Nemerow pollution index (NPI). To define important water quality parameters for North Al-Rustumiyia for the line(F2), the Nemerow Pollution Index was introduced. The most important parameters of assessment of water variation quality of wastewater were the parameter used in the model: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen dem</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Mar 17 2017
Journal Name
Elixir Mech. Engg. 109 (2017) 47879-47881, Www. Elixirpublishers. Com …‏
Effect of Cutting Angle for a Locally Assembling Motorized Vibration Cutter on Some Operational Characteristics Used for Date Palm Fronds Cutting
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Publication Date
Mon Jul 31 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Development of an On-Line Self-Tuning FPGA-PID-PWM Control Algorithm Design for DC-DC Buck Converter in Mobile Applications
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 06 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Female Students’ Practices toward Premenstrual Syndrome at Secondary Schools in Third Al- Rusafa Education Directorate
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Objective: Determination the effectiveness of educational program on female students’ practices toward premenstrual.

Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted involving (140) student purposely in four secondary schools at Al-sadder city (70) student for study group and (70) for control group. The prevalence of PMS selected through American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2015) criteria to select PMS students before program. The education program were set in four steps, the first step (pre-test) is to assess the practices, before the implementation of the program, the second step is implementing the program, following two steps post-test  I and II betwe

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2019
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Detection a New Antiseptic Resistant Variant of qac Gene in Some Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Different Clinical Sources
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The increasing use of antiseptic compounds creates selective pressure cause emergence of antiseptic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus .Resistance mechanism of antiseptic is driven mainly by multi drug resistant (MDR) efflux protein.Sixty five isolates of S.aureuswere collected from different clinical sources and subjected to 11 antibiotics most of them are recognized by efflux systems as extruded substrates. Range of efflux activity was estimated using cartwheel method. Simultaneous discrimination of antiseptic coding genes (qacA/B, smr and norA)as well as nuc and mecA genes among multidrug resistantS.aureus(MRSA) isolates was preformed using multiplex PCR assay

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 28 2020
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Using X-Ray Films for Evaluation efficiency of Unsaturated Polyester Reinforced by Lead Oxide as Shielding for Medical X-ray Devices
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The largest use of x-ray in medical by dentists, employers or persons that needed by patients with specific conditions, lead to higher exposure of x-ray that may cause many diseases. In the present work radiography films have been used in evaluating the efficiency of using unsaturated polyester polymer reinforced with lead oxide (PbO) as shield material for medical x-ray devices, many parameters studied like concentration and thickness that they are increasing the attenuation of x-ray in them. The results show that the attenuation of X-ray increasing with concentration of reinforced material and with thickness, and the optical density decreases with increasing concentration from 0% to 50%, we chose 30% as suitable concentration to increase

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Impact of Different H/D Ratio on Axial Gas Holdup Measured by Four-Tips Optical Fiber Probe in Slurry Bubble Column
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In wide range of chemical, petrochemical and energy processes, it is not possible to manage without slurry bubble column reactors. In this investigation, time average local gas holdup was recorded for three different height to diameter (H/D) ratios 3, 4 and 5 in 18" diameter slurry bubble column. Air-water-glass beads system was used with superficial velocity up to 0.24 m/s. the gas holdup was measured using 4-tips optical fiber probe technique. The results show that the axial gas holdup increases almost linearly with the superficial gas velocity in 0.08 m/s and levels off with a further increase of velocity. A comparison of the present data with those reported for other slurry bubble column having diameters larger than

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 17 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
PDF Photodynamic effect of Rose Bengal activated by low-level laser light on S. aureus : Qusay K. Abbas*, Layla M. Hassan
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Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is Gram-positive bacteria that lives as a normal flora in living organisms but can be pathogenic to humans. Although a relatively unspectacular, nonmotile coccoid bacterium, S. aureus is a dangerous human pathogen in both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. Due to the increasing emergence of new strains of this antibiotic-resistant bacteria, it has become essential to approach different methods to control this pathogen. One of these methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation process using a low-level laser, in this paper, the Photodynamic effects of Rose Bengal and LLLL on the virulence factors of S.aureus were evaluated.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 27 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of an Instructional Program Concerning Healthy Lifestyle on Patients’ Attitudes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at Cardiac Centers in Baghdad City
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Abstract:

Objective: The study’s aim to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional program about healthy lifestyle on patients’ attitudes after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methodology: Quasi-experimental design/ has been utilized for the current study starting from December 2018 to March 2020 to achieve the objectives of the study. Non-probability (purposive) sample of 60 patients was divided into intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

Results: findings reported that before intervention both study and control groups demonstrated low total mean of score relat

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Materials Research And Technology
Immobilization of l-asparaginase on gold nanoparticles for novel drug delivery approach as anti-cancer agent against human breast carcinoma cells
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