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The attitude of international cooperation and national legislation from biological terrorism
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ما من شك ان الارهاب يعُد من اكثر الجرائم رعباً في الوقت الراهن، وقد اتخذت الجرائم الارهابية مع الزمن منحى آخر حيث استثمر الارهابيون مستحدثات العلم الحديث وبدءوا باستحداث وسائل جديدة في اداء العمل الارهابي بدون عنف أو اراقة دماء، كما تم تجنيد العديد من العلماء والباحثين المارقين والمأجورين من قبل التنظيمات الارهابية او من قبل دول وذلك من اجل تنفيذ جرائمهم الارهابية.

   

 ولقد تفاقمت مشكلة الإرهاب وتنوعت صوره ولعل أخطر تلك الانواع تمثل بالإرهاب البيولوجي أو الجرثومي وترجع خطورة مثل هذا النمط الارهابي، الى ان آثاره الضارة قد تكون كارثية، ولاسيما حينما ينصب العمل على إنتاج ميكروبات فائقة القدرة المرضية وذلك عن طريق البيولوجيا الجزئية أو التكنولوجيا الحيوية، فإنتاج الجمرة الخبيثة ( الانتراكس ) والكوليرا والطاعون وأسلحة بيولوجية فيروسية تنفذ تحت جنح الظلام وبتعبير آخر تنفذ في الخفاء فهي اسلحة صامتة أو كما توصف بــــــــــــ( الاسلحة التي لاتراق فيها الدماء ) ، وينجم عنها فزع ورعب للمواطنين الابرياء في أنحاء متفرقة من العالم وبذلك فهي تهدد السلم والأمن المجتمعي وتعرضهما للخطر ومن اجل ذلك تعالت الاصوات الدولية المنادية بضرورة العمل للتصدى لهذه الجريمة ومكافحتها .

 

وتكمن اشكالية البحث في ان التنظيمات الارهابية استغلت التطور العلمي في عالمنا الراهن (قرن التقنية الحيوية) ولا سيما ان الاسلحة البيولوجية تكلفتها اقل من تكلفة الاسلحة التقليدية كما ان إمكانية وسهولة استخدامها حفز المجاميع الارهابية على حيازتها واستخدامها لاحداث الذعر وزعزمة الامن والاستقرار المجتمعي وذلك لغرض تحقيق مآرب سياسية وفكرية ودينية  في ظل انتشار فوضى التسلح .

 

فهنالك صعوبة تواجه المجتمع الدولي بمراقبة انتاج الاسلحة الصامتة المجهرية والتي تعد اداة لإرتكاب الجريمة الارهابية (البيولوجية) .

واهمية البحث تكمن في ان جريمة الارهاب البيولوجي تهدد الاشخاص الطبيعيين والمعنويين على حد السواء، كما انها تهدد الامن القومي للمجتمعات وذلك بسبب الخصائص التي يتسم بها هذا النوع من الأخطار، مما دفع المجتمع الدولي الى عقد المؤتمرات وإبرام الاتفاقيات والمعاهدات الثنائية والجماعية لمواجهة الارهاب الذي تخطى الحدود الوطنية والاقليمية فأصبح جريمة بلا وطن ولا دين ولا هوية .

 

 إن موضوع البحث، ينصب على تسليط الضوء على (موقف القانون الدولي والقوانين الوطنية من الارهاب البيولوجي)، فيهتم بإيجاد الإجابة عن العديد من التساؤلات ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث؛ منها : ما المقصود بجريمة الإرهاب البيولوجي ؟ وما هي صورها  ؟  وماهي السبل القانونية الدولية والداخلية للحد من تنامى هذه الظاهرة ؟

 

وتم الارتكاز، في بحثنا هذا، على المنهج النظري : حيث يقوم هذا المنهج على اساس رد الفروع الى أصولها والإشارة المستمرة الى تحديد مدلول المفاهيم ذات العلاقة بالبحث ليتم ادراجها في خضم الافكار القانونية الخاصة بالبحث . وكذلك الاخذ بالمنهج التحليلي: والذي يقوم على اساس تحليل النصوص القانونية والآراء وصولاً الى الوسائل الكفيلة للحد من استخدام الاسلحة البيولوجية  في تكدير السلم والأمن العام وبث الرعب في نفوس البشر.

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Arabian Gulf from the GCC countries to the EU
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The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is the only one in the Arab system, which has been able to formulate a strategic vision with its dimensions and objectives, and that for its great achievements have contributed significantly to the development of the external and internal economic relations of the Gulf Cooperation Council six through the consolidation of economic policies, projects and joint institutions . There is no doubt that the establishment of the Cooperation Council for the Arab Gulf States six, has made security expensive as long as the aspiration to them the leaders and peoples of the region is the adoption of the GCC countries on itself in order to build a self strength ensures cut off the road to all interference in the affai

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Understanding Inclusion (National and International Perspective)
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Abstract

There have been a number of positive developments in inclusive education in many different countries, recognizing that all students, including those with disabilities, have a right to education. Around the world, educators, professionals, and parents are concerned about including children with disabilities in mainstream schools along with their peers. As a result of this trend, a number of factors are contributing, including the increasing importance of education in achieving social justice for pupils with special education needs; the right of individuals with disabilities to attend mainstream schools together with their typically developing peers; the benefit of equal opportunities for everyone in achie

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 23 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Risk of non-compliance and its impact on the profitability of Islamic banks: (Applied res earch in the Islamic Cooperation Bank)For the years (2016-2012)
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This research deals with the risks of non-compliance and its impact on the profitability of Islamic banks. Research variables were measured and analyzed as the risk of non-compliance as an independent variableand profitability as a dependent variable. The profitability was measured by three indicators ((rate of return on assets, rate of return on equity and rate of return on Total deposits)) The results of the research showed a significant relationship between the risk of non-compliance and the rate of return on assets and rate of return on total deposits, while there was no relationship between the risk of non-compliance and rate of return on ownership. The research recommended that the senior management of the Islamic Investment Bank s

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 02 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Law conflict in the formation of international contract
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The present of a foreign element in the Contract will call the conflict of many laws on the conclude of the contract; usually such conflict will end to the jurisdiction of one law, but in this case it will end to the jurisdiction of many laws on the conclude of the international contract but without being a common jurisdiction, each of the conflicting law will have its own jurisdiction.

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 19 2015
Journal Name
Al-academy
The Significance of the Folk Symbols and Their Influence on The National Identity (Chosen samples from the Contemporary Iraqi Pottery): زينب كاظم صالح
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The contemporary art culture is considered a resultant of preceding human civilizations from the early days. At the same time, it got closer to the local privacy, because the contemporary Iraqi potter worked hard to create new art, refusing to base his art on the early works, creating art pieces that contains properties to inherited art and their form significance, in order to create a new identity of his own, bringing an empowerment to his deepened civilization, with the goal to create national identity ideas from one hand, and entity and locality from another. Europeans also followed the direction of our civilization, such as (Picasso, Henry Moore, Barbra Hurth, Brankouzi, Hans Arp,..etc). From this point of view comes the importance o

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 30 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Measuring the Implementation gap of Operational requirement according to the international standard (ISO 9001:2015) in the National Insurance Company : Applied research.
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The aim of the research is to diagnose and analyze the gap between the actual reality and the application of the eighth requirement (operation) in the National Insurance Company in accordance with the international standard specification for the quality management system (ISO 9001:2015), which is related to the planning, implementation and control of operations, which would raise the level of performance of employees and be reflected in the provision of An appropriate service for the faithful, as the reality of the condition of the requirement was studied by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the system to diagnose the gap and find ways to address it. A workshop was held with company officials, through which questions were raise

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 24 2024
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The Role of Media Coverage of the Iraqi Satellite Channels in Shaping Public Attitudes towards Terrorism (a Field Study of a Sample of an Audience of the City of Baghdad)
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Violence is one of the most serious threats facing societies because it affects their internal structure and threatens the security and stability of society. It is classified as one of the types of security crises that are emerging in Arab and Islamic societies in particular, and in most countries of the world in general.

The threat of this crisis is increasing. Terrorism is considered as one of the most serious aspects of that all the countries of the world, currently, suffer from. The terrorism has begun to penetrate deep into society in one way or another starting from the Second World War, which led to the emergence of leftist movements in Western Europe, Japan, France, Italy and other countries as a result of emerging ideas

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Historical Context of Migration in Morocco to Europe: from Forced Migration to Irregular Migration : Study in International Law
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Considering that migration is moving to live from one place to another, with an intention in the place that was intended for a long time, due to the frequent movement of individuals from one place to another, and due to the different purpose of migration, we find external migration classified into legalized and irregular migration, and the reasons The growth of illegal immigration is due to economic,  social, and psychological motives, and therefore we find that it has multiple effects, both on the country hosting immigrants in terms of economic, security, social and health terms, or on the level of organizing international relations between countries, so countries sought to mitigate this phenomenon and deal with immigrants As stipu

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Publication Date
Sat Mar 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The exercise of citizenship behaviors and their impact on customer loyalty: Analytical study from the standpoint of employees in the National Insurance Company
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The exercise of citizenship behaviors and their impact on customer loyalty (An analytical study from the perspective of workers in the National Insurance Company).

The Research aims to find out the degree of customers National Insurance company for customer citizenship behavior and its impact on the level oh loyalty from the perspective of employess in the company, as well as the statement of the differences in the answers of employees according to their personality traits. To achieve the goals of research has been the use of the questionnaire as a tool for the collection and distribution of data on a sample of (90) individuals, as was the use of statistical program (SPSS) in the process of statistical analysis methods (mean, sta

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Constructivism Theory in International Relations (Case Study on the War on Terrorism)
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        The topic of the research revolves around constructivist theory, which is one of the most important theories that added weight to the theoretical and epistemological field of international relations. The constructivist theory studies international relations from a completely different side of theories by focusing on the social aspects of international relations, and by looking at international relations as social constructs. Ideas, cultures, norms, standards and language play a major role in their formation. The study also examines the state of the war on terrorism as it represents one of the most international cases in which its composition and composition coincide with constructive ideas and a

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