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The attitude of international cooperation and national legislation from biological terrorism
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ما من شك ان الارهاب يعُد من اكثر الجرائم رعباً في الوقت الراهن، وقد اتخذت الجرائم الارهابية مع الزمن منحى آخر حيث استثمر الارهابيون مستحدثات العلم الحديث وبدءوا باستحداث وسائل جديدة في اداء العمل الارهابي بدون عنف أو اراقة دماء، كما تم تجنيد العديد من العلماء والباحثين المارقين والمأجورين من قبل التنظيمات الارهابية او من قبل دول وذلك من اجل تنفيذ جرائمهم الارهابية.

   

 ولقد تفاقمت مشكلة الإرهاب وتنوعت صوره ولعل أخطر تلك الانواع تمثل بالإرهاب البيولوجي أو الجرثومي وترجع خطورة مثل هذا النمط الارهابي، الى ان آثاره الضارة قد تكون كارثية، ولاسيما حينما ينصب العمل على إنتاج ميكروبات فائقة القدرة المرضية وذلك عن طريق البيولوجيا الجزئية أو التكنولوجيا الحيوية، فإنتاج الجمرة الخبيثة ( الانتراكس ) والكوليرا والطاعون وأسلحة بيولوجية فيروسية تنفذ تحت جنح الظلام وبتعبير آخر تنفذ في الخفاء فهي اسلحة صامتة أو كما توصف بــــــــــــ( الاسلحة التي لاتراق فيها الدماء ) ، وينجم عنها فزع ورعب للمواطنين الابرياء في أنحاء متفرقة من العالم وبذلك فهي تهدد السلم والأمن المجتمعي وتعرضهما للخطر ومن اجل ذلك تعالت الاصوات الدولية المنادية بضرورة العمل للتصدى لهذه الجريمة ومكافحتها .

 

وتكمن اشكالية البحث في ان التنظيمات الارهابية استغلت التطور العلمي في عالمنا الراهن (قرن التقنية الحيوية) ولا سيما ان الاسلحة البيولوجية تكلفتها اقل من تكلفة الاسلحة التقليدية كما ان إمكانية وسهولة استخدامها حفز المجاميع الارهابية على حيازتها واستخدامها لاحداث الذعر وزعزمة الامن والاستقرار المجتمعي وذلك لغرض تحقيق مآرب سياسية وفكرية ودينية  في ظل انتشار فوضى التسلح .

 

فهنالك صعوبة تواجه المجتمع الدولي بمراقبة انتاج الاسلحة الصامتة المجهرية والتي تعد اداة لإرتكاب الجريمة الارهابية (البيولوجية) .

واهمية البحث تكمن في ان جريمة الارهاب البيولوجي تهدد الاشخاص الطبيعيين والمعنويين على حد السواء، كما انها تهدد الامن القومي للمجتمعات وذلك بسبب الخصائص التي يتسم بها هذا النوع من الأخطار، مما دفع المجتمع الدولي الى عقد المؤتمرات وإبرام الاتفاقيات والمعاهدات الثنائية والجماعية لمواجهة الارهاب الذي تخطى الحدود الوطنية والاقليمية فأصبح جريمة بلا وطن ولا دين ولا هوية .

 

 إن موضوع البحث، ينصب على تسليط الضوء على (موقف القانون الدولي والقوانين الوطنية من الارهاب البيولوجي)، فيهتم بإيجاد الإجابة عن العديد من التساؤلات ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث؛ منها : ما المقصود بجريمة الإرهاب البيولوجي ؟ وما هي صورها  ؟  وماهي السبل القانونية الدولية والداخلية للحد من تنامى هذه الظاهرة ؟

 

وتم الارتكاز، في بحثنا هذا، على المنهج النظري : حيث يقوم هذا المنهج على اساس رد الفروع الى أصولها والإشارة المستمرة الى تحديد مدلول المفاهيم ذات العلاقة بالبحث ليتم ادراجها في خضم الافكار القانونية الخاصة بالبحث . وكذلك الاخذ بالمنهج التحليلي: والذي يقوم على اساس تحليل النصوص القانونية والآراء وصولاً الى الوسائل الكفيلة للحد من استخدام الاسلحة البيولوجية  في تكدير السلم والأمن العام وبث الرعب في نفوس البشر.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 04 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of strategic cohesion in achieving organizational prosperity: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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Abstract

                The research aims to shed light on strategic cohesion and its dimensions represented by (strategic logic, organizational excitement, organizational founding, organizational synergy) and measure its impact on achieving organizational prosperity and its dimensions represented by (intellectual capital, innovation, infrastructure, organizational agility, sustainable competitive advantage). The research problem emerged by raising the main question, which is: Does the management of the researched company realize the importance of practicing strategic cohesion and its role in achieving organizational pros

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of Marketing costs on the profitability of insurance companies: applied research in the national insurance company
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The research aims to study the marketing costs in its various items, which are important costs as it specializes in tunnels on the marketing side through which the company's services are introduced to ensure that these services reach as many segments of society as possible, which serves the company's objectives and expand its business and increase its market share. As well as the definition of profitability and its relation to marketing costs in the portfolios of the national insurance company. The research hypothesis was formulated to study and analyze the relationship and impact between the marketing costs and profitability of the research sample company. The research sample was determined by the National General Insurance Comp

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 31 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Financial analysis indicators and their impact on investment decision-making: for the national insurance company (applied research)
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The financial analysis of the published financial statements is the means that enables businessmen, financial institutions, financial analysts and others to conduct their studies and conclusions to obtain information that helps them in the decision-making process, including decisions related to investment. National in making the decision on the investment activity, for the period from 2012 to 2018, through the information provided by the annual financial statements, by selecting a set of indicators provided by the financial statements, namely (liquidity ratio, activity percentage, profitability ratios) to measure the extent of this ability Indicators in determining their role in making an investment decision.

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Publication Date
Tue Sep 15 2020
Journal Name
Al-academy
Iraqi Rural Singing and National Identity: مصطفى عباس السوداني-عبد الحليم أحمد حسن
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Singing has significant importance being a major basis for the expressive and cultural production of the societies and a real companion that reflects their artistic career and is strongly connected to the reality of the peoples and the production of the individuals, who are geniuses of arts and culture.
Rural singing represents one of the most well-known artistic singing styles in Iraq, which truly embodied the Iraqi national identity. However, it remained confined to the countryside and did not spread due to the lack of mass media and the recording technologies at that time. It has been pure virgin singing art. The theoretical framework is divided into three axes:

• The Iraqi singing heritage in the twentieth century, a hi

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 13 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of e-marketing on the quality of the insurance service: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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This research aims to introduce the importance of electronic marketing and the extent of its impact on the quality of the insurance service in general, and the national insurance company in particular, and the advantages it can achieve, an increase in its competitiveness, as well as contributing to increasing the efficiency of the performance of the insurance company.

The research relied on the questionnaire form as a main tool for obtaining data and information by the 70 questionnaire questionnaires required for the field side of the research, as they were distributed and retrieved in full, and all of them are suitable for analysis. The sample .The questionnaire was designed with three axes, the first wa

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 21 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Analytical Study of National Housing Finance Policies and Implementation Strategies Case Study: Baghdad Governorate
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           Housing finance is one of the main components of housing, and it is relied upon to help families buy, build, add building, and housing improve. Accordingly, different countries all over the world set policies and strategies for the purpose of organizing and developing the financial sector to solve quantitative and qualitative housing problems.

This research aims to identify housing finance policies and strategies in Iraq and Baghdad governorate.

The most prominent sources of housing financing are the Real Estate Bank and the Housing Fund, and accordingly the focus has been on the role of these two institutions in filling

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 01 2012
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The importance of drafting Arab accounting standards Comparative study in light of international accounting compliance and different environmental factors
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Importance of accounting standards belong to be the instructor and the advisor for accountant in performing his work . For each invironment a group of political, social, economical  and cultural factors which distinguish it about other environments . In  order to perform its aim in produsing accouting information helps in making decisions on different levels, accounting standards should established in a form that harmonized with the environment that apply in it . Establishing international accounting standards comes with the same direction and then it has put influential with standards some states that have influence on international accounting standards committee. So because of the big changes that happened in the inte

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 16 2019
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
News frames for the phenomenon of terrorism in international satellite channels directed in Arabic An analytical study of the main news bulletins in the Russian channel today 1/2/31/5/2018
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International satellite channels in Arabic are targeted to the region with their news bulletins and their innovative programs, attracting the interest of the Arab viewers in their news articles and programs with new ideas and methods as well as high technology in the production and synthesis of videos. Therefore, they work on framing the above, And the media policy that governs, so focused the problem of the study to try to answer the question of the President is how to frame the international satellite channels in Arabic to the phenomenon of terrorism? What are the aspects that are working to highlight and aspects that try to hide? The study adopted the survey methodology for the main news bulletins in the Russian channel today for the

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Publication Date
Thu Apr 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CAROTENOIDS WHICH ARE PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATE Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AND DETRERMINATION THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THEIR STABILITY: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE CAROTENOIDS WHICH ARE PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATE Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AND DETRERMINATION THE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THEIR STABILITY
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Biological activity of the carotenoids which are produced fromchemically-mutaed local isolate of Rhodotorula mucilaginosawas studied. The results showed variation of inhibition activity of caritenoids against different types of pathogenic bacteria include, Staph aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis and Salmo. typh., the number declined from 2×107cell/ml to 2×104, 5×104, 2×105, 9×105 cell/ml respectively after 24hour. The produced carotenoids from alocal mutant Rhodotorula mucilaginosa revealed an antioxidant activity as free radical removal of 85.6%. Carotinoides revealed a highest stability in petroleum ether solvent for 30 days at room temperature. It found that the pigment was more stability in sesame oil compared with sun flower and coc

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 11 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Targeted Drone Killings Under International Human Rights Law
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Targeted killings by unmanned aircraft are a dangerous means that threaten the human right to life, both in wartime and in peacetime. In wartime, international humanitarian law prohibits weapons that cannot respect general principles such as discrimination, proportionality and military necessities. In peacetime, all international instruments guaranteeing the protection of human rights prohibit attacks on the right to life, except in cases provided for by law, as well as extrajudicial executions.

 

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