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The attitude of international cooperation and national legislation from biological terrorism
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ما من شك ان الارهاب يعُد من اكثر الجرائم رعباً في الوقت الراهن، وقد اتخذت الجرائم الارهابية مع الزمن منحى آخر حيث استثمر الارهابيون مستحدثات العلم الحديث وبدءوا باستحداث وسائل جديدة في اداء العمل الارهابي بدون عنف أو اراقة دماء، كما تم تجنيد العديد من العلماء والباحثين المارقين والمأجورين من قبل التنظيمات الارهابية او من قبل دول وذلك من اجل تنفيذ جرائمهم الارهابية.

   

 ولقد تفاقمت مشكلة الإرهاب وتنوعت صوره ولعل أخطر تلك الانواع تمثل بالإرهاب البيولوجي أو الجرثومي وترجع خطورة مثل هذا النمط الارهابي، الى ان آثاره الضارة قد تكون كارثية، ولاسيما حينما ينصب العمل على إنتاج ميكروبات فائقة القدرة المرضية وذلك عن طريق البيولوجيا الجزئية أو التكنولوجيا الحيوية، فإنتاج الجمرة الخبيثة ( الانتراكس ) والكوليرا والطاعون وأسلحة بيولوجية فيروسية تنفذ تحت جنح الظلام وبتعبير آخر تنفذ في الخفاء فهي اسلحة صامتة أو كما توصف بــــــــــــ( الاسلحة التي لاتراق فيها الدماء ) ، وينجم عنها فزع ورعب للمواطنين الابرياء في أنحاء متفرقة من العالم وبذلك فهي تهدد السلم والأمن المجتمعي وتعرضهما للخطر ومن اجل ذلك تعالت الاصوات الدولية المنادية بضرورة العمل للتصدى لهذه الجريمة ومكافحتها .

 

وتكمن اشكالية البحث في ان التنظيمات الارهابية استغلت التطور العلمي في عالمنا الراهن (قرن التقنية الحيوية) ولا سيما ان الاسلحة البيولوجية تكلفتها اقل من تكلفة الاسلحة التقليدية كما ان إمكانية وسهولة استخدامها حفز المجاميع الارهابية على حيازتها واستخدامها لاحداث الذعر وزعزمة الامن والاستقرار المجتمعي وذلك لغرض تحقيق مآرب سياسية وفكرية ودينية  في ظل انتشار فوضى التسلح .

 

فهنالك صعوبة تواجه المجتمع الدولي بمراقبة انتاج الاسلحة الصامتة المجهرية والتي تعد اداة لإرتكاب الجريمة الارهابية (البيولوجية) .

واهمية البحث تكمن في ان جريمة الارهاب البيولوجي تهدد الاشخاص الطبيعيين والمعنويين على حد السواء، كما انها تهدد الامن القومي للمجتمعات وذلك بسبب الخصائص التي يتسم بها هذا النوع من الأخطار، مما دفع المجتمع الدولي الى عقد المؤتمرات وإبرام الاتفاقيات والمعاهدات الثنائية والجماعية لمواجهة الارهاب الذي تخطى الحدود الوطنية والاقليمية فأصبح جريمة بلا وطن ولا دين ولا هوية .

 

 إن موضوع البحث، ينصب على تسليط الضوء على (موقف القانون الدولي والقوانين الوطنية من الارهاب البيولوجي)، فيهتم بإيجاد الإجابة عن العديد من التساؤلات ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث؛ منها : ما المقصود بجريمة الإرهاب البيولوجي ؟ وما هي صورها  ؟  وماهي السبل القانونية الدولية والداخلية للحد من تنامى هذه الظاهرة ؟

 

وتم الارتكاز، في بحثنا هذا، على المنهج النظري : حيث يقوم هذا المنهج على اساس رد الفروع الى أصولها والإشارة المستمرة الى تحديد مدلول المفاهيم ذات العلاقة بالبحث ليتم ادراجها في خضم الافكار القانونية الخاصة بالبحث . وكذلك الاخذ بالمنهج التحليلي: والذي يقوم على اساس تحليل النصوص القانونية والآراء وصولاً الى الوسائل الكفيلة للحد من استخدام الاسلحة البيولوجية  في تكدير السلم والأمن العام وبث الرعب في نفوس البشر.

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Over the awareness of managers strategic importance of vigilance: "Exploratory study in the National Insurance Company"
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The rapid reality of events in the information era, and the enormous pressure of forces market, competition, permanent movement of the markets and consumers and the large development unprecedented of technology in all areas make a lot of organizations find it difficult to keep up with this rapid developments .Here was the role of strategic vigilance closer organization to their environment ,and play an active role in providing the necessary information to make decisions and insurance companies are not far from those changes .On this basis the researcher offered studied(Over the awareness of managers of insurance companies for strategic vigilance).Choosing sample of 35 managers in the National Insurance Company to test th

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS11 Constraints and Remedies (Application in Basra Gas Company)
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The aim of this study is to highlight on the concept of joint arrangements and projects in accordance with IFRS 11, in addition, the study also focuses on accounting standards and IFRSs which are relevant to this standard.  With a description of the legislative and accounting challenges in the Iraqi environment facing the application of IFRS 11, as well as studying the reality of accounting in such economic activity of companies operating in this sector.

In order to achieve the study objectives, the researcher conducted a comparative analysis between IFRS 11 (Joint Arrangements) and the Iraqi Unified Accounting System, In the second step, IFRS 11 is applied to the Basrah Gas Company's (research sampl

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Publication Date
Sat Sep 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The role of risk management programs in Dealing With risks at international airports: An Applied research at Baghdad International Airport
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The objective of the research is to identify the efficiency of risk management in various names at Baghdad International Airport in the face of various risks (financial - technical - human - natural ..) facing the sample of the search of the General Establishment of Civil Aviation and the Iraqi Airways Company where the researcher identified the hypothesis that summarizes There is a significant significant correlation between risk management, risk management and risk review and assessment. The researcher used the means of research from observation and interviews with the relevant officials in this field, as well as used the questionnaire and distributed a sample of 170 employees in the field of risk management (SMS Department) in Iraqi A

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 30 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Human capital and its role in achieving the underwriting policy: Applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The insurance companies are one of the organizations that rely mainly on human capital to underwriting to insurable risks because most of risks have many variables, so the aim of the research is to show the level of interest of the researched company in human capital, the reality of the underwriting policy in it, and the relationships of correlation and effect between them, and the approach has been used Analytical descriptive, as books, research and other related sources were used for the purpose of completing the theoretical side, on the practical side, a questionnaire was prepared, which represents the main tool for collecting data and distributed to a random sample of 64 people from underwriting managers and employees in spec

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 24 2015
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Market Research And Consumer Protection
The role of e-commerce in the insurance industry and its impacts on consumer rights (In the case of the National Insurance Company study): The role of e-commerce in the insurance industry and its impacts on consumer rights (In the case of the National Insurance Company study)
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The e-commerce is one of the best achievements of the twentieth century, since the conduct commercial transactions via the Internet may be the consumer easy selection process and purchase convenient manner different from traditional methods, and with the beginnings of the new millennium impose the emergence of e-commerce term significant challenges to the insurance industry as an important economic sectors Generally, and insurance companies in particular as a result of scientific development, which has led to a reduction in costs and innovation in the production, which led to intense competition on both levels local or global. The insurance industry is a vital part of the economy and it has a varied impact to the community and individual

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The effect of solvency on the investments of insurance companies: applied research in the National Insurance Company
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The research aims to demonstrate the impact of the acceptable solvency of the National Insurance Company on the investment activity in it, as the research assumes the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the acceptable solvency variable and the investment variable, and the researcher took the National Insurance Company as a place to conduct the research, as it is the first insurance company Watania was established in the fifties of the last century, and it has a long history in the practice of investment activity, and the company’s financial statements for the period from (2010-2019) were relied on, and the annual reports issued by the company as well as records are tools for gathering information, and

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 01 2018
Journal Name
Political Sciences Journal
Protecting woman during armed conflicts under the development of international humanitarian law
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The international humanitarian law found the special rules to protect women meanwhile the armed conflicts whether international or non-international. These rules are adopted for woman because of two reasons : that she is from civilians and on the other hand that her special constitution demands a special protection. The international community's attention of women is increased as a result of the tragic situation that faced women around the world especially in the Middle East and particularly in Iraq during the American-British war and ISIS period, these two periods sort many negative effects that reach women such as captivity, slavery, sexual enslavement and rape women especially Yazidis and Christians....

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Publication Date
Thu Dec 26 2024
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
The communicative content of "Israeli" popular diplomacy from the perspective of international public relations
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This study deals with the conceptual rooting of the practical relationship between the practice of international public relations and popular diplomacy, as the latter sought - as a legitimate extension of traditional diplomacy - to involve foreign residents in international public relations capable of drawing a positive image of the state among people of other countries, by employing modern communication technology. Especially social media, which led to a shift from old diplomacy to digital public diplomacy. The research paper seeks to analyze the communicative content of the Facebook page (Israel in the Iraqi dialect), which a page is belonging to the "Israeli" Ministry of Foreign Affairs that aims, according to its messages, to encoura

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Publication Date
Wed May 17 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Sharia's position on historical statues and monuments
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A disagreement has arisen among scholars regarding the ruling on historical statues and monuments in Muslim countries, especially after the Taliban blew up some huge historical statues, and we have witnessed different positions that reach the point of contradiction, each claiming to be right, and now that the crisis has passed and the intensity of the dispute has subsided, I see It is appropriate to discuss this issue calmly, without drifting behind this or that party, to find out the legal position on these statues and monuments.
I presented the most prominent modern opinions related to the subject and discussed them in this research, which I called (Sharia’s position on historical statues and monuments), in which I tried to reach

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 24 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
Role of Cooperative Legislation in the Limitation of Informal Employment
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In this study we examine the role that cooperative legislation can play in reducing informal employment. Cooperatives are considered the window of the social economy, which plays a major role in complementing traditional markets and collective labor, thus embracing the informal economy as the lifeboat for marginalized and excluded groups. Cooperatives come to regulate the informal economic sector as one of the options available for organization, by providing cooperatives in the provision of services and not by access to natural resources, and by facilitating the participation of decision makers in building skills for young people By supporting their ability to innovate, gaining the confidence of donor financial institutions, and ultimate

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