The legislators in (France, Egypt and Syria) set controls for filing an administrative lawsuit, including the signature of the lawsuit petition by a lawyer accepted before the court, and the lawyer is committed to performing his work in accordance with the conditions of the State Council and the practice of the legal profession. And if the goal of the legislator is to achieve the public and private interest represented in observing the law and assisting the plaintiff legally, then this condition sometimes leads to individuals refraining from resorting to the judiciary because of the financial cost of registration fees and lawyers, which prompted the legislator, especially the French, to exempt several lawsuits from this condition, including lawsuits for annulment Allowing the plaintiff to submit the petition himself, even without paying the fee in advance, to prevent the administration from abuse of its powers, and this was not taken into account by the legislators in Egypt and Syria, despite their stipulation that some lawsuits be excluded from this condition. The law of the State Council in these countries stipulates that the State Commissioners Authority undertake the preparation of the case, and the commissioner undertakes all the work to prepare the case for ruling on it, and organizes a draft ruling that the judge often adopts, especially in France, in addition to the positive role of the judge, which allows legislation to mitigate this condition .
The research aims to identify the positives formulation entrances authors depending on the setting retaining the names of the authors of Arab veterans and cons of setting the entrances to Arab authors ancient depending on the nickname by desktop diligence without reference to a setting retaining the potential to benefit other libraries disciple of retaining existing in sober university libraries. Use the survey method and adopted a questionnaire distributed to the research sample consisting of employees working in the libraries in question and the total number of forms that have been distributed (50) form .tousel search phrase conclusions from them .
1-The lack of authority control depends on it to find a
... Show MoreBecause bank deposits, whether cash deposits or securities deposits, entail obligations on the bank, it is natural that violating these obligations results in the realization of its civil responsibility, and responsibility in its general meaning is culpability and liability. The source of this obligation was the agreement or the law, and the work of the rules of civil liability is based on the availability of three pillars, which are the error, the damage and the causal relationship between them, and as long as the bank deposit is a contract, the responsibility of the bank in the event of a breach of one of the obligations arising from this contract is definitely a contractual responsibility, but it may be imagined The establishment of t
... Show MoreGlobal attention to transparency has increased following the spread of corruption in many countries. Therefore, in this study, we have to identify the concept of linguistic and constitutional transparency in order to give a clear picture of this principle. In order to achieve the proper application of transparency, we must understand the transparency and its legal basis, as well as its nature, dimensions and levels, which must be adhered to when applied in administrative work and any administrative system that seeks transparency to achieve certain objectives. We have addressed these objectives and their importance. We have demonstrated the types of transparency, as we
... Show MoreThe research problem was to identify the impact of monetary policies on economic growth in the oil and non-oil countries. The researcher chose the Republic of Iraq as an example for the oil countries and the Arab Republic of Egypt as an example for the non-oil countries to hold a comparison on the impact of monetary policies.
The research found that the monetary policies and their tools in the Iraqi economy affect the rate of GDP growth by 73%, which shows the strong impact of monetary policies on the economic growth in the Iraqi economy as an example of an oil state. GDP growth rate of 61%, indicating the impact of monetary policies on economic growth in the
The judge's estimation power in giving the judicial term in the execution case is represented in the possibility of amending the term of the contract commitment. That term on which both parties agreed to execute the contract commitment at its due date, because at the due date of fulfilling the commitment the debtor is bounded to pay, yet this fulfillment may be exhausting to the debtor, or causing him damage or harm more than that damage caused to the creditor in delaying the fulfillment.
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... Show MoreThe obligation in accordance with the provisions of the Iraqi Civil Code to meet the obligation to meet the charge for the acting renewal in loyalty, clearing, union of disclaimer, acquittal, impossibility of implementation and statute of limitations. However, the subject of our study will focus on one of these reasons, which is exoneration, but we will not deal with the provisions of acquittal in general, as we chose the nature of the acquittal as the target of this study because it provoked a doctrinal debate among Islamic doctrines, as this study lacked to examine the nature of the acquittal by comparing Islamic jurisprudence with civil laws.
The exception of contract non-Performance represents an important mechanism in the implementation of obligations. It enables a contractor to refrain from implementing its obligation until the other party has fulfilled its obligations. It is a means of defense, pressure and guarantee of its rights. It is stipulated in articles 161 of the Egyptian Civil Code and Article 123 of the Civil Code While it was not provided for in the French Civil Code except after the issuance of Order No. 2016-131 on the reform of the system of contracts and public order and the establishment of obligations in articles 1217, 1219 and 1220 thereof. These texts, although they did not show the basis on which the exception of contract non-Performance, leaving this
... Show MoreThe current research aims to identify the nature of the relationship between training human resources in administrative innovation elements In the General Directorate for the education of the third Rusafa one of the formations of the Iraqi Ministry of Education in Baghdad, In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher provided a comprehensive theoretical framework and the preparation and development of a questionnaire as a tool for collecting data based on the prepared measurements and benefit from previous studies, which contains (28) For the purpose of obtaining realistic results for the variables of the research, the researcher used the random sample in the selection of the research sample A total of (63)
... Show MoreAbstract
The objective of the research is to identify the role of innovative leadership in achieving the dimensions of administrative empowerment in the company for the public of food industries. The various variables have shown the importance of innovative leadership to achieve the dimensions of administrative empowerment in both international and local companies. Administrative Empowerment "In order to answer this question, a virtual model was developed to reflect the relationship and impact between innovative leadership and administrative empowerment. The research was based on the analytical descriptive approach. the research community, The company represented the general company for food industries, retrie
... Show MoreCryptographic applications demand much more of a pseudo-random-sequence
generator than do most other applications. Cryptographic randomness does not mean just
statistical randomness, although that is part of it. For a sequence to be cryptographically
secure pseudo-random, it must be unpredictable.
The random sequences should satisfy the basic randomness postulates; one of them is
the run postulate (sequences of the same bit). These sequences should have about the same
number of ones and zeros, about half the runs should be of length one, one quarter of length
two, one eighth of length three, and so on.The distribution of run lengths for zeros and ones
should be the same. These properties can be measured determinis