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Enhanced Chain-Cluster Based Mixed Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
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Energy efficiency is a significant aspect in designing robust routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A reliable routing protocol has to be energy efficient and adaptive to the network size. To achieve high energy conservation and data aggregation, there are two major techniques, clusters and chains. In clustering technique, sensor networks are often divided into non-overlapping subsets called clusters. In chain technique, sensor nodes will be connected with the closest two neighbors, starting with the farthest node from the base station till the closest node to the base station. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages which motivate some researchers to come up with a hybrid routing algorithm that combines the full advantages of both cluster and chain techniques such as CCM (Chain-Cluster based Mixed routing). In this paper, introduce a routing algorithm relying on CCM algorithm called (Enhanced Chain-Cluster based Mixed routing) algorithm E-CCM. Simulation results show that E-CCM algorithm improves the performance of CCM algorithm in terms of three performance metrics which are: energy consumption, network lifetime, and (FND and LND). MATLAB program is used to develop and test the simulation process in a computer with the following specifications: windows 7 (32-operating system), core i5, RAM 4 GB, hard 512 GB.

 

 

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Global Pharma Technology
Mixed Ligand Schiff Base Complexes of Some Meta(II) Salts: Preparation. Spectral Characterization and Antibacterial Screening
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FH Ghanim, Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2018

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 31 2014
Journal Name
Complex Metals
Formation of polymeric assemblies of six-coordinate metal complexes with mixed bridges of dicarboxylato-azido moieties
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New biscarboxylato zwitterionic ligands, namely bis(N-carboxylatoethyl)-4,4 -dipyridinum) L1 and bis(Ncarboxylatopropyl)-)-4,4 -dipyridinum) L2, were synthesized from the reaction of 4,4 -dipyridine with 3-bromopropanoic acid and 4-bromobutanoic acid, respectively. The reaction of these ligands and the azido coligand with some metal ions resulted in the formation of polymeric complexes of general formulae [Cr2(Ln)(N3)4]Cl2·H2O and [M2(Ln)(N3)4] xH2O, where (M = Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); n = 1, 2; x = 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, and 1, respectively.) The oxygens of the carboxylato group are coordinated to the metal ion in a bidentate fashion. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determin

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 08 2023
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Ring Opining polymerization of caprolactone And Antibacterial activity by Mixed Ligand of Metal(II) and (III)
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Reaction of L1 [((E)-N1-(nitrobenzylidene)benzene-1,2-diamine] and L2( m-aminophenol), and one equivalent of di- or tri-valent metals(Cr(ӀӀӀ), Mn(ӀӀ), Fe(ӀӀӀ), Co(ӀӀ), Ni(ӀӀ), Cu(ӀӀ) and Zn(ӀӀ) afforded the complexes [M(L1)(L2)2]Cl, M=Cr(ӀӀӀ) and Fe(ӀӀӀ) and the complexes [M(L1)(L2)2] M= Mn(ӀӀ), Co(ӀӀ), Ni(ӀӀ), Cu(ӀӀ) and Zn(ӀӀ). The structure of the Schiff base ligand and their complexes are characterized by (C:H:N), FT.IR, UV.Vis, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectral. The presence of metal in the complexes are characterized by flame atomic absorption. The spectral data of the complexes have revealed the octahedral geometry. The (L1), (L2) and mixed ligand metal complexes were screened for their ability as cataly

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2010
Journal Name
Al- Mustansiriya J. Sci
Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Some Transition Metals with Alanine and 8-Hydroxyqinoline
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The mixed ligand complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) with alanine and 8-hydroxyqinoline (Oxine) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR ,spectra electronic, flam-AAS] along with conductivity measurements , solubility , melting point, magnetic susceptipibility.The synthesized complexes were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity. The results obtained indicated that some of these complexes are more active than with others.

Publication Date
Thu Jun 26 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Assessment of dental arches symmetry in a sample of Iraqi children at the mixed dentition stage
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Background: Little is known about asymmetry of children's dental arches, the purpose of this study was to verify the presence of asymmetry of dental arches among Iraqi children in the mixed dentition stage. Materials and methods: The sample included 52 pairs of dental casts, 27 pairs belong to males and 25 pairs for females. Three linear distances were utilized on each side on the dental arch: Incisal-canine distance, canine-molar distance and incisal-molar distance, which represent the dental arch segmental measurements using the digital sliding calipers, which is accurate up to 0.02 mm. Results: No significant sides' differences with high correlation coefficient were found between the right and left incisal-canine, canine-molar and in

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2024
Journal Name
Inorganic Chemistry Communications
Investigation of optical, mechanical, thermal, wettability, and antibacterial activity of polyvinyl alcohol mixed with clay nanoparticles
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Publication Date
Fri Jun 01 2018
Journal Name
Oriental Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Spectral and Biochemical Studies of New Complexes of Mixed Ligand Schiff Base and Anthranilic Acid
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In this rescrch,new mixed ligand Schiff base complexes of Mn(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) are formulated from the Schiff base( L)resulting from  o-phathalaldehyde(o-PA) with p-nitroaniline(p-NA)as a primary ligand and anthranilic acid as a subordinate ligand. Diagnosis of prepared Ligand and its complexes is done by spectral methods mass spectrometer;1H -NMR for ligand Schiff base FTIR, UV-Vis, molar conductance, elemental microanalyses, atomic absoption and magnetic susceptibility. The analytical studies for the all new complexes have shown octahedral geometries. The study of organicperformance  of ligand Schiff base and its complexes show various activity agansit four type of bactria two gram (+) and two gram (-) .

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 18 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Mixed Micelles of Binary Mixtures of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfate and Tween 80 Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions
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In the present work, the surface properties of mixed binary surfactants containing sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS) and Tween 80 (TW80) surfactants in aqueous solutions were studied at temperature 293 K using surface tension measurements. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) magnitude for both individual surfactants and their mixtures were established the obtained results revealed  that the magnitude of cmc of the mixtures are less than the magnitude of individual surfactants and decrease with the increase in Tween 80 percent in solution which indicate the nonideal  mixing of the two surfactants. The values of molecular interaction parameters  and the mole fraction of surfactants in the micelle (X1) were calculated

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Publication Date
Tue Apr 01 2014
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Mixed Convection in a Square Cavity Filled with Porous Medium with Bottom Wall Periodic Boundary Condition
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Transient mixed convection heat transfer in a confined porous medium heated at periodic sinusoidal heat flux is investigated numerically in the present paper. The Poisson-type pressure equation, resulted from the substituting of the momentum Darcy equation in the continuity equation, was discretized by using finite volume technique. The energy equation was solved by a fully implicit control volume-based finite difference formulation for the diffusion terms with the use of the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinetics scheme to discretize the convective terms and the temperature values at the control volume faces. The numerical study covers a range of the hydrostatic pressure head , , , , and ), sinusoidal amplitude range of

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Russian Journal Of General Chemistry
Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Mixed Schiff Base Ligand Complexes with Amino Acid L-Proline
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