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Zirconium Sulfate as Catalyst for Biodiesel Production by Using Reactive Distillation
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Production of fatty acid esters (biodiesel) from oleic acid and 2-ethylhexanol using sulfated zirconia as solid catalyst for the production of biodiesel was investigated in this work.

 

       The parameters studied were temperature of reaction (100 to 130°C), molar ratio of alcohol to free fatty acid (1:1 to 3:1), concentration of catalyst (0.5 to 3%wt), mixing speed (500 to 900 rpm) and types of sulfated zirconia (i.e modified, commercial, prepared  catalyst according to literature and reused catalyst). The results show the best conversion to biodiesel was 97.74% at conditions of 130°C, 3:1, 2wt% and 650 rpm using modified catalyst respectively. Also, modified catalyst gave identical results to that of commercial one. Simulation study was adopted from basic principles of reactive distillation and the results were close to an acceptable degree.

 

 

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 13 2018
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of the Electric Quadrupole Moments for some Scandium Isotopes Using Shell Model Calculations with Different Interactions
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The electric quadrupole moments for some scandium isotopes (41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47Sc) have been calculated using the shell model in the proton-neutron formalism. Excitations out of major shell model space were taken into account through a microscopic theory which is called core polarization effectives. The set of effective charges adopted in the theoretical calculations emerging about the core polarization effect. NushellX@MSU code was used to calculate one body density matrix (OBDM). The simple harmonic oscillator potential has been used to generate the single particle matrix elements. Our theoretical calculations for the quadrupole moments used the two types of effective interactions to obtain the best interaction compared with the exp

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 20 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
The measurements of neutron Fermi Age for selected Nuclear Reactor shielding materials using the Indium foil technique
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The Neutron Fermi Age, t, and the neutron slowing down density,   q (r, t) , have been measured for some materials such as Graphite and Iron by using gamma spectrometry system UCS-30 with NaI (Tl) detector. This technique was applied for Graphite and Iron materials by using Indium foils covered by Cadmium and the measurements done at the Indium resonance of 1.46 eV. These materials are exposed to a plane 241Am/Be neutron source with recent activity 38 mCi. The measurements of the Fermi Age were found to be t = 297 ± 21 cm2 for Graphite, t = 400 ± 28 cm2 for Iron. Neutron slowing down density was also calculated depending on the recent experimental t value and distance.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2024
Journal Name
Ieee Access
A Direct Solution Scheme for Wide-Angle Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Using Compressive Sensing-Based Method of Moments
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Publication Date
Sun Sep 03 2023
Journal Name
Wireless Personal Communications
Application of Healthcare Management Technologies for COVID-19 Pandemic Using Internet of Things and Machine Learning Algorithms
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 27 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
Priorities for the reconstruction of religious buildings in the old city of Mosul using Expert Choice program
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This paper attempts to shed light on the most influential factors in the importance of religious buildings were destroyed because of the recent war due to the control of terrorist gangs of ISIS over the city of Mosul, and to prioritize their reconstruction and their role in reviving the historical center of Mosul.

The research’s problem emerged in the lack of knowledge about the identifying the most influential factors in the importance of religious buildings and utilizing them to prioritize their reconstruction. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the importance of religious buildings using the Expert Choice software through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to reach an analysis of their weights and propose p

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 01 2023
Journal Name
Iop Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science
Monitoring the Land surface temperature LST with different seasons for Babylon City using GIS and R.S techniques
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Abstract<p>This paper is based on the Sentinel-2 satellite data: the thermal, red, and NIR bands. The Babylon city was chosen in this study for different reasons: its location in the middle of Iraq and it represents the largest capitals of the Mesopotamia civilization in the word. The Land Surface Temperature (LST) was determined using a method that incorporates remote sensing, geographic information systems, and statistics. This process has made it possible to monitor the relationship between land usage and the land surface temperature for four seasons in the year 2021. The mapswere processed and analyzed by using ArcGIS software. Five maps of the LST were constructed. Each map represents diffe</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Developing of Bacterial Mutagenic Assay System for Detection of Environmental and Food MutagensV – Using Anticancer Drug Cyclophosphamide
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G-system composed of three isolates G3 ( Bacillus),G12 ( Arthrobacter )and G27 ( Brevibacterium) was used to detect the mutagenicity of the anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) under conditions similar to that used for standard mutagen, Nitrosoguanidine (NTG). The CP effected the survival fraction of isolates after treatment for 15 mins using gradual increasing concentrations, but at less extent comparing to NTG. The mutagenic effect of CP was at higher level than that of NTG when using streptomycin as a genetic marker, but the situation was reversed when using rifampicin resistant as a report marker. The latter effect appeared upon recording the mutagen efficiency (ie., number of induced mutants/microgram of mutagen). Measuring the R

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 13 2021
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Milling Process of (4032) Al-Alloy using Taguchi-Based Grey Relational Analysis
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The objective of this work is to study the influence of end milling cutting process parameters, tool material and geometry on multi-response outputs for 4032 Al-alloy. This can be done by proposing an approach that combines Taguchi method with grey relational analysis. Three cutting parameters have been selected (spindle speed, feed rate and cut depth) with three levels for each parameter. Three tools with different materials and geometry have been also used to design the experimental tests and runs based on matrix L9. The end milling process with several output characteristics is solved using a grey relational analysis. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the major influencing parameters on multi-objective response w

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Continuous On-Line Tar Measurements for Gasification Process Monitoring using Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrices at Elevated Temperature
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Biomass has been extensively investigated, because of its presence as clean energy source. Tars and particulates formation problems are still the major challenges in development especially in the implementation of gasification technologies into nowadays energy supply systems. Laser Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) method is incorporated for determining aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) produced at high temperature gasification technology. The effect of tars deposition when the gases are cooled has been highly reduced by introducing a new concept of measurement cell. The samples of PAH components have been prepared with the standard constrictions of measured PAHs by using gas chromatograph (GC). OPO laser with tun

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 04 2020
Journal Name
International Journal Of Psychosocial Rehabilitation
The Effect of Using Fit Light Exercise in Some Physiological Indicators and Smash Shot for Badminton’s Players
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The reason for applying the project is for the development of some physiological variables and skill performance using a device for the first time applied in Iraq to a sample of badminton players, and this device has a patent on 7/2/2019. An experimental method is used for a sample of (12) players from (Al-Orthodoxy club). The experimental group is applied the proposal technique, while, the control group is instructed by the coach.The results of the research attribute to the role of the proposal exercises of fit light technology, thus, this technology has increased the attention and focusing of the sample and some physiological variables and smash shot skill. It has been concluded that the exercises using fit light technology is helped to i

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