<span>Digital audio is required to transmit large sizes of audio information through the most common communication systems; in turn this leads to more challenges in both storage and archieving. In this paper, an efficient audio compressive scheme is proposed, it depends on combined transform coding scheme; it is consist of i) bi-orthogonal (tab 9/7) wavelet transform to decompose the audio signal into low &amp; multi high sub-bands, ii) then the produced sub-bands passed through DCT to de-correlate the signal, iii) the product of the combined transform stage is passed through progressive hierarchical quantization, then traditional run-length encoding (RLE), iv) and finally LZW coding to generate the output mate bitstream.

Recently, the development and application of the hydrological models based on Geographical Information System (GIS) has increased around the world. One of the most important applications of GIS is mapping the Curve Number (CN) of a catchment. In this research, three softwares, such as an ArcView GIS 9.3 with ArcInfo, Arc Hydro Tool and Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (Hec-GeoHMS) model for ArcView GIS 9.3, were used to calculate CN of (19210 ha) Salt Creek watershed (SC) which is located in Osage County, Oklahoma, USA. Multi layers were combined and examined using the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) ArcMap 2009. These layers are soil layer (Soil Survey Geographic SSURGO), 30 m x 30 m resolution of Digital Elevati

A super pixel can be defined as a group of pixels, which have similar characteristics, which can be very helpful for image segmentation. It is generally color based segmentation as well as other features like texture, statistics…etc .There are many algorithms available to segment super pixels like Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) super pixels and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Application with Noise (DBSCAN). SLIC algorithm essentially relay on choosing N random or regular seeds points covering the used image for segmentation. In this paper Split and Merge algorithm was used instead to overcome determination the seed point's location and numbers as well as other used parameters. The overall results were better from the SL

This paper is focusing on reducing the time for text processing operations by taking the advantage of enumerating each string using the multi hashing methodology. Text analysis is an important subject for any system that deals with strings (sequences of characters from an alphabet) and text processing (e.g., word-processor, text editor and other text manipulation systems). Many problems have been arisen when dealing with string operations which consist of an unfixed number of characters (e.g., the execution time); this due to the overhead embedded-operations (like, symbols matching and conversion operations). The execution time largely depends on the string characteristics; especially its length (i.e., the number of characters consisting

This work deals with the separation of benzene and toluene from a BTX fraction. The separation was carried out using adsorption by molecular sieve zeolite 13X in a fixed bed. The concentration of benzene and toluene in the influent streams was measured using gas chromatography. The effect of flow rate in the range 0.77 – 2.0 cm3/min on the benzene and toluene extraction from BTX fraction was studied. The flow rate increasing decreases the breakthrough and saturation times. The effect of bed height in the range 31.6 – 63.3 cm on benzene and toluene adsorption from BTX fraction was studied. The increase of bed height increasing increases the break point values. The effect of the concentration of benzene in the range 0.0559 – 0.2625g/

    When images are customized to identify changes that have occurred using techniques such as spectral signature, which can be used to extract features, they can be of great value. In this paper, it was proposed to use the spectral signature to extract information from satellite images and then classify them into four categories. Here it is based on a set of data from the Kaggle satellite imagery website that represents different categories such as clouds, deserts, water, and green areas. After preprocessing these images, the data is transformed into a spectral signature using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Then the data of each image is reduced by selecting the top 20 features and transforming them from a two-dimensiona

This study includes applying chemical tests on cow, sheep and chicken bones including both hallow and flat. The results of chemical tests on bones mentioned the moisture percentage which was between 4.95-7.32 %, and it was noticed the difference in protein percentage among different kinds of bones, The highest protien percentage was 39.62 % in hallow chicken bones and the lowest was in hallow sheep bones 20.31%, at the same time, the highest Ash percentage was in hallow sheep bones48.11% , whereas the highest percentage of fat was in hallow cow bones 30%. The chemical and physical tests were conducted for extracted fat from hallow and flat bones for cows, sheeps and chicken. It was found that peroxide values (PV), and free fatty acids (F

 In this work silicon solar cell has been used with semicircular grooves to improve its efficiency by reducing reflection of rays and increasing optical path through the cell. Software program for optical design (zemax) has been used by ray tracing mode to evaluate prototype efficiency when using detector beneath the cell. The prototype has aspect ratio (A.R=0.2) which is the best efficiency at incident angle (Ï´=0ͦ) and the best acceptance angle (Ï´=50ͦ). 

Compaction curves are widely used in civil engineering especially for road constructions, embankments, etc. Obtaining the precise amount of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) that gives the Maximum Dry Unit weight g_dmax. is very important, where the desired soil strength can be achieved in addition to economic aspects.

In this paper, three peak functions were used to obtain the OMC and g_dmax. through curve fitting for the values obtained from Standard Proctor Test. Another surface fitting was also used to model the Ohio’s compaction curves that represent the very large variation of compacted soil types.

The results showed very good correlation between the values obtained from some publ