This study is conducted in order to, investigate the trophic state of Duhok Lake Dam located within Duhok city, Iraq. Water samples are collected seasonally from three monitored sites during 2011. The parameters used for assessing water quality and trophic status level include: water temperature, pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD5, nutrients, Secchi disk transparency, and chlorophyll a. The results reveal that DO is above 5 mg.l-1 in all sites, BOD5 value is within permissible level for domestic uses. Water quality considered as a hard type. High sulfate concentration is recorded during the study period. Trophic state shows that water type is classified as mesotrophic during autumn season, while it is regarded as eutrophic in other seasons. TDN/TDP rati

Inelastic longitudinal electron scattering C2 form factor in 48Ca has been utilized
to study the effects of fitting parameters on the sigma meson exchange type
potentials as a residual interaction. By coupling the core particles with model space
particle, where the latter used as an active part of residual interaction in the so called
core polarization process, it is included as a correction with first order perturbation
theory to the main calculation of model space, and the excitation energy has been
carried out with ( ). A model space wave vectors are generated in full fp shell
model with FPD6 as effective interaction with mixing configuration technique and
harmonic oscillator as a single particle wave function.

Background: With the increasing demands for adult orthodontics, a growing need arises to bond attachments to porcelain surfaces. Optimal adhesion to porcelain surface should allow orthodontic treatment without bond failure but not jeopardize porcelain integrity after debonding.The present study was carried out to compare the shear bond strength of metal bracket bonded to porcelain surface prepared by two mechanical treatments and by using different etching systems (Hydrofluoric acid 9% and acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23%). Materials and Methods: The samples were comprised of 60 models (28mm *15mm*28mm) of metal fused to porcelain (feldspathic porcelain). They were divided as the following: group I (control): the porcelain surface left u

Thirty water sample of wells, and three samples of springs from the upper most aquifer, as well as four samples from Lesser Zab River in Koi Sanjaq Basin, Erbil governorate of northern Iraq was collected and physically and chemically were analyzed. Physical analysis includes temperature, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Turbidity, whereas the geochemical analysis included concentration determines of the major, minor and trace elements. Chemical classification of the present samples using of chadha diagram explain that ( 95% ) of them located within field 5 and 6 whereas the rest (5%) are located in the field 8. According to Iraqi [9] and WHO [10] standers, most of the samples

The present study develops the sorption model for simulating the effects of pH and temperature on the uptake of cadmium from contaminated water using waste foundry sand (WFS) by allowing the variation of the maximum adsorption capacity and affinity constant. The presence of two acidic functional groups with the same or different affinity is the basis in the derivation of the two models; Model 1 and Model 2 respectively. The developed Bi-Langmuir model with different affinity (Model 2) has a remarkable ability in the description of process under consideration with coefficient of determination > 0.9838 and sum of squared error < 0.08514. This result is proved by FTIR test where the weak acids responsible of cadmium ions removal

Optimum allocation of water for restoration of Iraqi marshes is essential for different related authorities. Abo-Ziriq marsh area about 120 km2 is situated 40 km east of Al-Nassryia city. After comparing the measured annual water qualities with the Iraqi standards for surface water quality evaluation, Abo-Ziriq marsh water quality was in acceptable limit. Hydro balance computation were done for each month by using interface among the HEC-RAS, HEC-GeoRAS and ArcView GIS software and built a number of eco-hydro relationships to simulate the marsh ecosystem by using HEC-EFM program to estimate water allocation adequate for ecosystem requirement and constructs a GIS hydraulic reference map to show inundation area, depth grid and velocity dis

An experimental investigation of natural convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal,vertical and inclined heated square flat plates with and without circular hole, were carried out in two cases, perforated plates without an impermeable adiabatic hole "open core" and perforated plates with an impermeable adiabatic hole "closed core" by adiabatic plug. The experiments covered the laminar region with a range of Rayleih number of (1.11x106 ≤RaLo≤4.39x106 ), at Prandtle number (Pr=0.7). Practical experiments have been done with variable inclination angles from horizon (Ф=0o ,45o,90o,135oand 180o),facing upward (0o≤Ф<90o), and downward (90o
≤Ф<180o). The results showed that the temperature gradient increases whi

In this work, a local sunflower husk (SFH) was used as a natural surface for removing Basic Green-4 (BG4) dye, as a watersoluble pollutant. The effect of initial concentration, contact time, the mass of surface of the dye with the SFH as well as the medium temperature was studied. The application of Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms on the collected data of the adsorption process found to harmonize to Freundlich equation more than that of Langmuir. However, the adsorbed mass of BG4 dye showed a direct increase with the increase of SFH mass and equilibrium was achieved within a 60min window. The interaction of BG4 with SFH surface was spontaneous and exothermic. The empirical kinetic outcomes at ambient temperatures were applied to pseudo 1st a

Coagulation - flocculation are basic chemical engineering method in the treatment of metal-bearing industrial wastewater because it removes colloidal particles, some soluble compounds and very fine solid suspensions initially present in the wastewater by destabilization and formation of flocs. This research was conducted to study the feasibility of using natural coagulant such as okra and mallow and chemical coagulant such as alum for removing Cu and increase the removal efficiency and reduce the turbidity of treated water. Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) was carried out for okra and mallow before and after coagulant to determine their type of functional groups. Carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups on the surface of